A4M EXAM QUIZBANK QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | GRADED A+
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Course
A4M.
Institution
A4M.
A4M EXAM QUIZBANK QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | GRADED A+
where is estrogen produced? - ovaries
Where is DHEA produced? - adrenal gland
estrogen can also be made from? - DHEA
estrogen should always be prescribed which route? - transdermally
NOT PO- inflammatory
h...
A4M EXAM QUIZBANK QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | GRADED A+
where is estrogen produced? - ovaries
Where is DHEA produced? - adrenal gland
estrogen can also be made from? - DHEA
estrogen should always be prescribed which route? - transdermally
NOT PO- inflammatory
how should transdermal estrogen be applied? - apply to thigh and rub in for 2 minutes.
can transfer for up to 12 hours.
hormonal holiday - after patient has been on hormones for 6 months, must take holiday
every month.
1. take hormones monday to saturday. none on sunday.
2. take hormones days 1-25 and 4 days off.
3. if patient wishes to cycle then take all hormones including T every day except for
progesterone days 14-25 (mock cycling)
estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy is contraindicated in which patients? -
history of hormonally related cancer- breast, ovarian, uterine
how to lower excess levels of estrogen? - improve phase I and phase II detox in the
liver, exercise, lower dose of estrogen replacement, weight loss
estrone - E1
estradiol - E2
estriol - E3
estrogen replacement relieves what symptoms of menopause? - cognitive decline
bone loss
cardiovascular disease
cataracts
macular degeneration
any disease associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
,s/s of estrogen deficiency in males? - osteopenia/osteoporosis
cognitive decline
dyslipidemia
functions of estrogen in males? - helps maintain memory
regulates gonadotropin feedback
bone maturation/regulation of bone resorption
lipid metabolism
medicines that decrease estrogen levels in men? - phenobarbital
chlordiazepoxide
carbamepazine
trazodone
sulcrafate
overdose of medication that lower estrogen? - chrysin (usually used transdermally)
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
when is estriol replacement being used in males? - autoimmune encephalitis and
multiple sclerosis
contraindications in estrogen therapy in males - prostate or breast cancer
s/s of elevated estrogen in males? - gynecomastia, increased risk of heart
disease/prostate cancer, ED, CVA double risk, BPH
cause of elevated estrogen in male? - increased aromatase activity
alteration in liver function
zinc deficiency - Low zinc may increase the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen
high dose vitamin E
grapefruit
high doses of testosterone
medications: pain meds, abx, anti fungals, statins, antidepressant, antipsychotic, BP
meds, antacids
what BP med causes elevated estrogen and decreased testosterone? - amiodarone
how to lower high estrogen levels in males? - decrease T dose
zinc
chrysin
anastrozole and other aromatase inhibitors
maca
grape see extract
wild nettle root
decrease alcohol
,lose weight
resveratrol
high dose vit C
niacin
what is progesterone made from? - pregnenolone
cause of progesterone deficiency? - antidepressants
hypothyroid
def vit A B6 zinc and C
excessive arginine consumption
impaired production due to increase prolactin levels
saturated fat intake
stress
high sugar intake
aging process
progesterone can be given PO or transdermally - PO- perimenopausal and
menopausal for better breast protection
if the patient has anxiety or insomnia give PO since progesterone will cross the BBB
and hit GABA receptors and have calming effect
best if used SR (E4M) but the GI tract needs to be healthy for optimal release
transdermal application-
do not put on breast tissue
do not apply to abdomen- can slow bowels
best applied to thigh and rotate sites, can transfer up to 12 hours
what type of estrogen to measure in males? - estrone and estradiol
functions of progesterone in males? - 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
helps with myelination
influences spermiogenesis
blocking of gonadotropin secretion
sleep improvement
effects of the potentiation of GABA
neuroprotective
immunoprotective
cardioprotective
calming effect
s/s of progesterone deficiency in males
s/s of progesterone elevation in males - d- prostate enlargement
, e- sexual dysfunction
cause of elevated levels of progesterone in females or males? - patient prescribed too
much progesterone or pregnenolone
E3 protective against what? - less stimulatory effect on breast and uterine lining
protects against breast cancer
estrogen receptor alpha binding site - increases cell growth
Phase nI nDetoxification n- n nenzymes nin nthe ncytochrome nP450 nsystem nuse noxygen nto
nmodify ntoxic ncompounds, nmedications nand nsteroid nhormones ninto nintermediate
ncompounds
occurs nin nthe nliver n
SNPs: n
increased nphase nI nclearance nwithout nincreased nphase nII nclearance? ncan nlead nto nthe
nbuildup nof nintermediates nthat nmay nbe nmore ntoxicant nthan nthe noriginal nsubstance n
decreased nphase nI nclearance? nwill ncause ntoxic naccumulation nin nthe nbody. nadverse
nreactions nto nmeds nare noften nd/t na ndecreased ncapacity nfor nclearing nthem nfrom nyour
nsystem
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