TEST BANK FOR
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying
cigarettes ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example
in which when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the
impact of disease by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for
rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in
elementary schools, and increasing taxes for buying cigarettes represent examples of
primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is
an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common
among women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women
treated by midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash
policy that resulted in adecrease in mortality. Name the character that we are
talking about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz
Semmelweis ANS:
E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the
disease bynot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and
conducting multiple examinations in the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was
eradicated laterby efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test 1-
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796
against smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO)
commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious
diseases has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for
the observed declinein mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe
water ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious
diseases, the advancement in social conditions played a major role. These
improvements include better sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and
improvement in housing conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Bank
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence
in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or
other health- related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed.
A Dictionary of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. Incubation
period ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in
clear excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the
constant occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a
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,Test 1-
geographic area or population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as
an epidemic occurring over avery wide area, crossing international boundaries, and
usually affecting a large number of
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights
, Test 1-
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in
whom a certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation
period is not true because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time
of onset of clinical illness (theonset of recognizable symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness
(the onset ofrecognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
e. The period between exposure and the onset of
infectiousness ANS: B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time
of onset of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the
time between themoment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by
an infectious agent. “The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of
recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time
of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as itcorresponds to “time of
infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion
of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness”
are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is focusing
on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset of
the symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100 volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference. Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and
volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based
only on the information given inthis question, how many people are at risk in this
food poisoning outbreak?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS:
B
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the
conference. Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who
served the food did not eat the food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food
Safety Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with
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