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NSG 170 Test 2: Fluid & Electrolytes with Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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NSG 170 Test 2: Fluid & Electrolytes with Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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NSG 170 Test 2: Fluid & Electrolytes withQuestions and 100% Correct Answers
Calcium - Answer Deposited in the bone & plays a role in parathyroid hormone regulation
Magnesium - Answer Electrolyte that helps w/ metabolism of CHO & protein & helps
with cardiac function & muscle relaxation
Sodium - Answer Maintains blood volume, fluid balance, & major electrolyte in the ECF
Hypervolemia - Answer Sudden weight gain, tachycardia, distended jugular vein, edema,
& crackles in lungs
Buffer system - Answer Reacts within a fraction to changes in pH
Kidneys/renal system - Answer Excretes acids
pH - Answer Must check This to determine acidosis or alkalosis
,Hypocalcemia w/ tetany - Answer Positive Chvostek's sign or Trousseau's sign
Phlebitis - Answer redenss, heat, swelling at site, pain and red line along course of IV line
Isotonic solution - Answer -the osmotic pressure is constant inside and outside of the cells.
No shift of fluid occurs and the cells don't shrink or swell.
-given to replace extracellular fluid losses and to expand intravascular volume
-normal saline (written as NS, 0.9% sodium chloride), lactate ringer (written as LR), and
5% dextrose in water (written as D5W)
NS - Normal Saline - Answer -the fluid of choice for resuscitation efforts and a fluid
challenge.
-NS, 0.9% sodium chloride
-simply salt water.
- it contains water, sodium, and chloride.
-The percentage of sodium chloride dissolved in the solution is similar to the usual
concentration of sodium in chloride in the intravascular space. -Since water follows salt,
normal saline increases the fluid volume in extracellular
-the only solution used when administering blood products.
LR (Lactated Ringer's) - Answer -has an electrolyte content most closely related to the
body's blood and serum make-up.
-good choice for resuscitation efforts and it is beneficial for surgical and burn patients as
they benefit from the electrolyte replacement.
-contains sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium.
D5W (5% dextrose in water) - Answer D5W is unique. It can be categorized as an
isotonic solution or a hypotonic solution.
, The amount of dextrose in the solution makes its tonicity, or solute concentration,
similar to that of intravascular fluid, making it isotonic. It also provides free water,
following the metabolism of the dextrose. It is also considered a hypotonic solution.
D5W is basically a sugarwater solution that provides 170 calories per liter, but doesn't
provide the electrolyte replacement
Hypotonic solutions - Answer -Fluid shifts from the intravascular space to both
intracellular and interstitial spaces (moves inside the cell to even out concentration of
solutes)
-used to treat intracellular dehydration, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and
hypernatremia, which is sodium in the blood too high
-45% sodium chloride, usually called half normal saline (written as 1/2 NS, or .45% NS).
Also, D5W is hypotonic after metabolism.
-not used as often include .33% sodium chloride. .2% sodium chloride, and 2.5%
dextrose in water.
-Compared with intracellular fluids, hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of
solutes
Hypertonic solutions - Answer -Compared with intracellular fluids, hypertonic solutions
have a higher concentration of solids.
-The osmotic pressure draws water out of the cell, increasing extracellular fluid volume.
Hypertonic solutions are used as volume expanders. They may be prescribed for
patients with severe hyponatremia, which is when the sodium in the blood is too low.
-These are some examples of hypertonic solutions: D10W (dextrose 10% in water), D5NS
(dextrose 5% in .9% sodium chloride), D5 1/2 NS (dextrose 5% in .45% sodium chloride),
and D5LR (dextrose 5% in lactated ringer).
*Use caution when administering hypertonic saline solutions because of their potential
for causing intravascular fluid volume overload and pulmonary edema. Teach patients to
notify a nurse if they develop breathing difficulties or if they feel their heart is beating
very fast.*
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