Formation of the vertebrate nervous system, CNS is dervied from
epithelial cells
The three different vesicles
Proencephalon (turns into the retina), mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Inductive factors
signaling molecules secreted by cells that instruct neighboring cells to
adopt specific fate
Cell surface signaling
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mediated by cell surface receptors that trigger specific gene expression
programs that instruct cells to adopt a specific fate
Spemann's organizer
group of cells capable of instructing neighboring cells to adopt specific
fate, SUFFICIENT for neural plate formation
it is cell-cell contact dependent
NOT NECESSARY, cells naturally go neural fate, need signal to block neural fate
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs)
produced by ectoderm, neurl repressors, organizer produces inhibitory
signals that antagonize BMP signaling
Notch signaling
in fruit flies mediates neural vs epidermal cell fate choice, starts balance,
stochastic event leads to delta expression, results in Notch activation and
repressed pro neural genes (notch expression blocks specification of NPCs)
Neural fate is default, notch is required to inhibit it
Secreted molecules pattern the CNS
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rostral/caudal patterning of early neural plate is secreted by mesoderm
and endoderm
Wnt activty
drives expression of TF's that drive specification
determine anterior and posterior sides (anterior receives inhibited levels from endoderm,
posterior receives high levels of wnt from mesoderm)
Signaling Center
boundary between low and high Wnt activity
Isthmus
midbrain (MB)/hindbrain (HB) boun dary
Boundaries
Otx2 determines forebrain/midbrain
Gbx2 determines hindbrain
Engrailed
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