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Bio 93 Midterm 2 key terms Exam Questions and Answers
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Bio 93 Midterm 2 key terms Exam Questions and Answers
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Bio 93 Midterm 2 key terms ExamQuestions and Answers
Metabolism ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iitotality iiof iian iiorganism's iichemical iireactions,
iiconsisting iiof iicatabolic iiand iianabolic iipathways, iiwhich iimanage iithe iimaterial iiand
iienergy iiresources iiof iithe iiorganisms
Metabolic iipathway ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iiseries iiof iichemical iireactions iithat iieither
iibuilds iia iicomplex iimolecule ii(anabolic iipathway) iior iibreaks iidown iia iicomplex
iimolecule iito iisimpler iimolecules ii(catabolic iipathway)
Catabolic iipathway ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iimetabolic iipathway iithat iireleases iienergy
iiby iibreaking iidown iicomplex iimolecules iito iisimpler iicompounds.
Anabolic iipathway ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iimetabolic iipathway iithat iiconsumes iienergy
iito iisynthesize iia iicomplex iimolecule iifrom iisimpler iicompounds.
kinetic iienergy ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-energy iiof iimotion
Equilibrium ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iipoint iiat iiwhich iithe iireactions iioffset iione iianother
iiexactly
Exergonic ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iispontaneous iichemical iireaction, iiin iiwhich iithere iiis
iia iinet iirelease iiof iifree iienergy.
Endergonic ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iinon-spontaneous iichemical iireaction, iiin iiwhich iifree
iienergy iiis iiabsorbed iifrom iithe iisurroundings.
Chemical iiwork ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iipushing iiof iiendergonic iireactions iithat iiwould
iinot iioccur iispontaneously, iisuch iias iithe iisynthesis iiof iipolymers iifrom iimonomers
Transport iiwork ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iipumping iiof iisubstances iiacross iimembranes
iiagainst iithe iidirection iiof iispontaneous iimovement
Mechanical iiwork ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-Such iias iithe iibeating iiof iicilia, iithe iicontraction
iiof iimuscle iicells, iiand iithe iimovement iiof iichromosomes iiduring iicellular iireproduction
,Energy iiCoupling ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iiuse iiof iian iiexergonic iiprocess iito iidrive iian
iiendergonic iione
ATP ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-(adenosine iitriphosphate) iimain iienergy iisource iithat iicells
iiuse iifor iimost iiof iitheir iiwork
ADP ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-adenosine iidiphosphate; iimolecule iithat iiATP iibecomes
iiwhen iiit iigives iiup iione iiof iiits iithree iiphosphate iigroups
Inorganic iiphosphate ii(Pi) ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-the iiphosphate iiused iiduring iithe
iitransfer iiof iienergy iifrom iiorganic iimolecules iiwhen iiATP iiis iiformed iifrom iiADP
Phosphorylation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iimetabolic iiprocess iiof iiintroducing iia
iiphosphate iigroup iiinto iian iiorganic iimolecule.
Enzyme ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iitype iiof iiprotein iithat iispeeds iiup iia iichemical iireaction
iiin iia iiliving iithing
Catalyst ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-substance iithat iispeeds iiup iithe iirate iiof iia iichemical
iireaction
Activation iiEnergy ii(Ea) ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iiamount iiof iienergy iithat iireactants
iiabsorb iibefore iia iichemical iireaction iiwill iistart ii; iialso iicalled iifree iienergy iiof iiactivation
Transition iistate ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-An iiunstable iicondition iithat iireactants iiare iiin
iiwhen iithe iimolecules iihave iiabsorbed iienough iienergy iifor iithe iibonds iito iibreak
Substrate ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iireactant iion iiwhich iian iienzyme iiworks.
Active iisite ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iispecific iiregion iiof iian iienzyme iithat iibinds iithe
iisubstrate iiand iithat iiforms iithe iipocket iiin iiwhich iicatalysis iioccurs
Activity ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-How iiefficiently iithe iienzyme iifunctions
Cofactors ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-Any iinon iiprotein iimolecule iior iiion iithat iiis iirequired iifor
iithe iiproper iifunctioning iiof iian iienzyme. iiThey iican iibe iipermanently iibound iito iithe
iiactive iisite iior iimay iibind iiloosely iiand iireversibly, iialong iiwith iithe iisubstrate, iiduring
iicatalysis.
Inhibitors ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-Certain iichemicals iithat iiselectively iiinhibit iithe iiaction iiof
iispecific iienzymes
Fermentation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iicatabolic iiprocess iithat iimakes iia iilimited iiamount
iiof iiATP iifrom iiglucose ii(or iiother iiorganic iimolecules) iiwithout iian iielectron iitransport
iichain iiand iithat iiproduces iia iicharacteristic iiend iiproduct, iisuch iias iiethyl iialcohol iiof
iilactic iiacid
, cellular iirespiration ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-the iicatabolic iipathways iiof iiaerobic iiand
iianaerobic iirespiration, iiwhich iibeak iidown iiorganic iimolecules iiand iiuse iian iielectron
iitransport iichain iifor iithe iiproduction iiof iiATP
Redox iireaction ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iichemical iireaction iiinvolving iithe iicomplete iior
iipartial iitransfer iiof iione iior iimore iielectrons iifrom iione iireactant iito iianother
Oxidation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iicomplete iior iipartial iiLOSS iiof iielectrons iifrom iia
iisubstance iiinvolved iiin iia iiredox iireaction
Reduction ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iicomplete iior iipartial iiADDITION iiof iielectrons iito iia
iisubstance iiinvolved iiin iia iiredox iireaction
NAD+ ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-(nicotinamide iiadenine iidinucleotide) iielectron iicarrier
iiinvolved iiin iiglycolysis
NADH ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-the iireduced iiform iiof iiNAD+; iian iielectron-carrying
iimolecule iithat iifunctions iiin iicellular iirespiration
Electron iitransport iichain ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iisequence iiof iielectron iicarrier
iimolecules ii(membrane iiproteins) iithat iishuttle iielectrons iidown iia iiseries iiof iiredox
iireactions iithat iirelease iienergy iiused iito iimake iiATP
Glycolysis ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iiseries iiof iireactions iithat iiultimately iisplits iiglucose
iiinto iilyricists. iiOccurs iiin iialmost iiall iiliving iicells, iiserving iias iithe iistarting iipoint iifor
iifermentation iior iicellular iirespiration
Pyruvate ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iiionized iiform iiof iipyruvic iiacid
Pyruvate iioxidation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-Step iiof iicellular iirespiration iithat iioxidants
iipyruvate iito iiacetyl iiCoA
oxidative iiphosphorylation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iiproduction iiof iiATP iiusing iienergy
iiderived iifrom iithe iiredox iireactions iiof iian iielectron iitransport iichain
Citric iiAcid iiCycle ii(Krebs iiCycle) ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-A iichemical iicycle iiinvolving
iieight iisteps iithat iicomplete iithe iimetabolic iibreakdown iiof iiglucose iimolecules iibegun iiin
iiglycolysis iiby iioxidizing iiacetyl iiCoA iito iiCO2 ii; iioccurs iiwithin iithe iimitochondria iiin
iieukaryotic iicells iiand iiin iithe iicytosol iiof iiprokaryotes
Substrate iilevel iiphosphorylation ii- iiCorrect iiAnswers ii-The iienzyme-catalyzed iiformation
iiof iiATP iiby iidirect iitransfer iiof iia iiphosphate iigroup iito iiADP iifrom iian iiintermediate
iisubstrate iiin iicatabolism
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