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PTRS 882 Immunity Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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PTRS 882 Immunity Exam QuestionsAnd Accurate Answers
What is the body's third line of defense? - Answer immune response
Is the third line of defense specific? - Answer yes, its response is tailored to the specific
intruder
What are the 2 types of immunity? - Answer humor immunity and cell-mediated immunity
What is humoral immunity? - Answer antibody-mediated immunity; antibodies are
produced to neutralize foreign antigens to protect the body
*humor=fluid, antibodies are circulating in blood
what is cell-mediated immunity? - Answer cells (lymphocytes) are programmed to attack
non "self" antigens to protect the body
what is an antigen? - Answer a compound that elicits an immune response by triggering
the production of matched antibodies and activating immune cells
what are the 2 types of antigens? - Answer foreign (exogenous)
self
what is a self antigen? - Answer molecule of the host body that the immune system
mistakes as a foreign antigen
what is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)? - Answer group of proteins located on
every cell surface in the body. These markers are unique for every individual (except
homogenous twins)
*markers of self
How are MHCs altered? - Answer MHCs are altered when the cell membrane is altered.
This can be due to cancerous changes, viruses , etc. It is no longer recognized as self
anymore and the immune system will begin to fight it
What is human leukocyte (HLA)? - Answer practically the MHC on the leukocyte
MHC and HLA can be used interchangeably
what compound is used to determine a match for tissue transplantation? - Answer MHC;
physicians looks for the closest match of MHCs from donor to recipient. The closer you
get, the lesser chance of rejection from the recipient
, what type of cells have class I MHC? - Answer all nucleated cells
what type of cells have class II MHC? - Answer macrophages and some other immune
cells (ex: erythrocytes)
What is the function of Class I MHC? - Answer to process and present an antigen that is
located within the cell
(ex: self antigen, virus, tumor cell proteins)
what is the function of class II MHC? - Answer to process and present exogenous
antigens (antigens located outside of the cell)
what does the phrase "process and present" mean? - Answer process: breaking down
the antigen
present: displaying the antigen for the immune system
what are the major components of the immune system? - Answer lymphoid structures,
tissues (where immune cells develop; none marrow and thymus), and immune cells
what are macrophages? - Answer cells that develop from monocytes and initiate the
immune response through phagocytosis. They then present the antigen on their cell
membrane for the lymphocytes
what do macrophages secrete? - Answer cytokines (interleukins) . These activate the
lymphocytes
what are lymphocytes? - Answer WBCs that acts as primary cell of the immune
response;
mature lymphocytes are referred to as _______. - Answer immunocompetent cells
can respond with accurate immune response
what are the 3 types of lymphocytes? - Answer T cells, B cells, NK cells
Where are T cells produced and differentiated? - Answer produced in bone marrow,
differentiated in the thymus
what type of immunity is associated with T cells? - Answer cel mediated immunity
how do T cells work? - Answer recognize antigens on the surface of the target cells,
destroy the target cells and also activate other T and B lymphocytes
what are the subgroups of T cells? - Answer cytotoxic (killer) T-cells, helper T cells,
regulatory (suppressor) T cells, and memory T cells
what are cytotoxic T cells? - Answer cells that destroy the target cells. They do so by
binding to the exposed antigen and releasing enzymes and chemicals
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