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PTRS 882- Unit 3 Immunity Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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PTRS 882- Unit 3 Immunity ExamQuestions And 100% Correct Answers
What are opportunistic pathogens? - Answer normal microbiota that cause disease
under certain circumstances (such as immunodeficiency)
EX: chronic bronchitis in smokers
What is the body's third line of defense and what is it also known as? - Answer immune
response
-humoral immunity
-cell-mediated immunity
Is the third line of defense specific? - Answer yes, creates antibodies to fight a specific
invader
What is humoral immunity? - Answer -production of specific antibodies to neutralize
foreign antigens to protect the body
-humor is found in fluid
-antibodies are circulating in blood
what is cell-mediated immunity? - Answer cells (lymphocytes) are programmed to attack
non "self" antigens to protect the body
what type of cell are activated in cell-mediated immunity - Answer T Lymphocytes
what type of cell are activated in humoral immunity - Answer B lymphocytes
are antigens good or bad? - Answer bad
what is an antigen? - Answer compounds that trigger the immune system to create a
response against them
-triggers the production of matched antibodies
-activate immune cells
what are the 2 types of antigens? - Answer -foreign (exogenous)
-self
what is a self antigen? - Answer molecule of the host body that the immune system
mistakes as a foreign antigen
, what is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)? - Answer -group of proteins located on
every cell surface in the body.
-tells the body that their are apart of their cell and not an invader
How are MHCs altered? - Answer MHCs are altered when the cell membrane is altered.
This can be due to cancerous changes, viruses , etc. It is no longer recognized as self
anymore and the immune system will begin to fight it
What is human leukocyte (HLA)? - Answer The same as HLA
what compound is used to determine a match for tissue transplantation? - Answer -MHC
physicians looks for the closest match of MHCs from donor to recipient. The closer you
get, the lesser chance of rejection from the recipient
what type of cells have class I MHC? - Answer all cells with a nucleus
what type of cells have class II MHC and example? - Answer macrophages and some
other immune cells
-process and present exogenous antigen
-ex: erythrocytes
What is the function of Class I MHC and examples? - Answer to process and present an
antigen that is located within the cell
(ex: self antigen, virus, tumor cell proteins)
what is the function of class II MHC? - Answer to process and present exogenous
antigens (antigens located outside of the cell)
what does the phrase "process and present" mean? - Answer process: breaking down
the antigen
present: displaying the antigen for the immune system
what are the major components of the immune system? - Answer -lymphoid structures
-tissues (where immune cells develop; none marrow and thymus)
-immune cells
what are macrophages? - Answer -cells that develop from monocytes
-phagocytosis
-present the antigen on their cell membrane for the lymphocytes
what do macrophages secrete and what does that do? - Answer -interleukins
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