A 40-year-old woman with recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus . presents with grade four dyspnoea for the last month. She has pedal oedema, with a raised jugular venous pressure, ascites and a diffuse, hypodynamic apical impulse.
What is the most likely cause of her presentation?
A. Di...
A 40-year-old woman with recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus . presents with grade
four dyspnoea for the last month. She has pedal oedema, with a raised jugular venous pressure,
ascites and a diffuse, hypodynamic apical impulse.
What is the most likely cause of her presentation?
A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
B. Pericardial effusion
C. Viral myocarditis
D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy - ANSWERA. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Which of the following is an appropriate therapy for your patient with heart failure?
A. Beta blocker therapy in a patient with Aortic Regurgitation
B. Amlodipine in a patient with HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction)
C. Salt and water restriction in your patient with dilated cardiomyopathy
D. ACE-Inhibitor in a patient with calcific constrictive pericarditis - ANSWERC. Salt and water
restriction in your patient with dilated cardiomyopathy
A 58-year-old man presents with a month history of progressive dyspnoea and pedal oedema. He has
a heart rate of 118 beats per minute with a blood pressure of 126/84mmHg, a raised jugular venous
pressure, bilateral coarse crackles and ascites.
What is the most appropriate initial drug to start?
A. Spironolactone
B. Enalapril
C. Furosemide
D. Carvedilol - ANSWERC. Furosemide
, Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for heart failure with preserved systolic heart failure
(HFpEF)?
A. Diabetes
B. Peripheral vascular disease
C. Obesity
D. Hypertension - ANSWERB. Peripheral vascular disease
A 35-year-old man with prior history of heavy alcohol consumption presents with congestive cardiac
failure.
Which of the following pathophysiological changes is occurring?
A. Decreased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Decreased collagen synthesis
C. Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWERC. Increased secretion of atrial
natriuretic peptide
A 45-year-old man known with an HIV induced cardiomyopathy presents with congestive cardiac
failure.
Which of the following pathophysiological changes is occurring?
A. Decreased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Decreased collagen synthesis
C. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
D. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWERC. Activation of the sympathetic
nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of heart failure in South Africa?
A. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
B. Rheumatic Heart Disease
C. Hypertensive heart disease
D. Atrial Septal Defect - ANSWERD. Atrial Septal Defect
Which of the following is NOT a common precipitant of heart failure in the appropriate context?
A. Urinary tract infection
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