NURS 8022 PATHO FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /ALREADY
GRADED A+
2 Major Neurotranmitters in smooth muscle - ANSWERAch and norepinephrine;
excitatory and inhibitory
AcH like drugs (Methacholine, carbachol, nicotine) - ANSWERbind and activate nicotinic
AcH receptors
Not destroyed by AcHE- prolonged effect
adenocarcinoma - ANSWERcancerous tumor of glandular tissue or ducatal
Anti AcHe drugs (neostigmine, physostigmine, diisopropyl flurophosphate or "nerve
gas") - ANSWERinactivate acetylcholinesterace; can treat MG
AP in presynaptic cells causes... - ANSWERCa2+ channels to open
Apoptosis - ANSWERprogrammed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular
events leading to death and destruction of the cell
ATP - ANSWERConverted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd
and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy
Atrophy - ANSWERdecrease in cell size
Autosomal Anuploidy - ANSWERManifestations: mental challenges, low nasal bridge,
epicentral folds, protruding tongue, flat, low set ears, poor muscle tone
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance - ANSWERrare; many individuals are carriers;
example: cystic fibrosis: gene forms sodium channels with defective transport
benign tumor - ANSWERgrow slowly, well defined capsule, non invasive, well
differentiated, low miotic index, does not metastasize; -OMA
Ca2+ ATPase - ANSWERMaintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
Carbon Monoxide (CO) - ANSWERA colorless, odorless gas that occurs as a by-
product of fuel combustion that may result in death in poorly ventilated areas. Directly
reduces oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
, Carcinogensis - ANSWERprocess of transforming normal cells into malignant cells
(cancer cells)
carcinoma in situ - ANSWERPreinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or
epithelial origin that have not broken through the basement membrane or invaded the
surrounding stroma
Carcinomas - ANSWERmalignant epithelial tumors
caretaker genes - ANSWERencode for proteins that are involved in repairing damaged
DNA
Cellular Death - ANSWERNecrosis- inflammatory change
Aptosis- cell death
Cellular swelling (oncosis) - ANSWERmost common degenrative change; shift of ECF
fluid into cells
Chachexia - ANSWERsevere wasting of tissues due to long-standing chronic diseases
and malignancies
Chemical injury - ANSWERdirect toxicity to the cell
- lead ethanol carbon monoxide mercury
Chemical synapse - ANSWERhave a gap between the presynaptic membrane and the
postsynaptic cell membrane called the synaptic cleft
chromosome instability - ANSWERAccelerate the loss of tumor suppressor genes and
the over expression of oncogenes
connective tissue - ANSWERA body tissue that provides support for the body and
connects all of its parts; bone, cartilage, adipose (fatty tissue)
Counter transport - ANSWERSubstance is transported in the opposite direction as the
driver ion Na+
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