The file discusses dot-and-cross diagrams, specifically focusing on how atoms follow the expanded octet rule and the incomplete octet rule in covalent compounds. It also touches on the concept of ionic compounds and how atoms transfer their outer/valence electrons. The diagrams illustrate how atoms...
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Dot-&-Cross Diagrams
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Dot & Cross Diagrams
Dot and cross diagrams are diagrams that show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in an
ionic or covalent compound or element
The electrons are shown as dots and crosses
In a dot and cross diagram:
Only the outer electrons are shown
The charge of the ion is spread evenly which is shown by using brackets
The charge on each ion is written at the top right-hand corner
Ionic compounds
Ionic bonds are formed when metal transfer electrons to a non-metal to form a positively charged and
negatively charged ion
The atoms achieve a noble gas configuration
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