Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice Questions and 169 correct and approved Solutions.
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Pediatrics
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice Questions and 169 correct and approved Solutions.
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice Questions and 169 correct and approved Solutions.
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice Questions and 169 correct and approved Solutions.
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Pra...
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice
Questions and 169 correct and approved
Solutions.
Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice
Questions and 169 correct and approved
Solutions.
What is described as the time interval between early manifestations of a disease and
the overt clinical syndrome?
A. Incubation period
B. Prodromal period
C. Desquamation period
D. Period of communicability - ANSWER- B. Prodromal period
The prodromal period is defined as the symptoms that occur between early
manifestations of the disease and overt clinical symptoms.
The incubation period is the time from exposure to the appearance of the first symptom.
The desquamation period refers to the shedding of skin when applicable for a syndrome
or disorder.
The period of communicability describes the period when the child is infectious.
The nurse is concerned with the prevention of communicable disease. Primary
prevention results from
A. Immunizations
B. Early diagnosis
C. Strict isolation
D. Treatment of disease - ANSWER- A. Immunizations
Communicable diseases are prevented through immunizations, which constitute primary
prevention.
Early diagnosis can prevent the spread of communicable disease by initiating treatment
and isolation if necessary; this would be considered secondary prevention.
Strict isolation would be considered part of the treatment regimen and would constitute
tertiary prevention, which is the prevention of complications or sequelae.
Treatment of disease would not prevent communicable disease.
The school nurse is concerned about an outbreak of chickenpox because two children
at the school have cancer and are immunodeficient from chemotherapy. The most
appropriate recommendation by the school nurse is that
A. no precautions necessary.
B. Acyclovir (Zovirax) should be taken to minimize the symptoms of chickenpox.
C. Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) to prevent chickenpox.
D. temporarily stopping chemotherapy will allow the immune system to recover. -
ANSWER- C. Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) to prevent chickenpox.
,Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice
Questions and 169 correct and approved
Solutions.
VZIG is an antibody to the virus that causes chickenpox. Administration of VZIG can
prevent development of the disease in immunocompromised children secondary to
chemotherapy.
Chickenpox can be a life-threatening event for a child who is immunocompromised and
must be addressed.
Acyclovir is effective in reducing the number of lesions from chickenpox, but in
immunodeficient children the disease itself should be prevented.
The administration of VZIG does not place the child at any greater risk; therefore, there
is no need to stop chemotherapy.
The most appropriate comfort intervention for a child with itching related to chickenpox
is
A. encourage frequent warm baths.
B. give aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol).
C. apply thick coat of pramoxine (Caladryl) lotion over open lesions.
D. give an antipruritic medication such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
E. apply thick coat of pramoxine (Caladryl) lotion over open lesions. - ANSWER- D. give
an antipruritic medication such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Antipruritic medicines such as diphenhydramine are useful for severe itching, which
interferes with sleep and may contribute to secondary infection.
Cool baths, not warm ones, are recommended for relief of itching secondary to
chickenpox.
Neither drug provides antipruritic effects, nor should aspirin ever be given to children
with chickenpox, because there is an increased risk of developing Reye syndrome.
Caladryl lotion, which contains diphenhydramine, should be applied sparingly, not in
thick coats, over open lesions to minimize absorption.
What is the causative agent for erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)?
A. Paramyxovirus
B. Human parvovirus B19
C. Human herpesvirus type 6
D. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus - ANSWER- B. Human parvovirus B19
Human parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of fifth disease.
Paramyxovirus causes mumps.
Human herpesvirus types 1 and 2 are the major causes of herpetic infections in
humans.
Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus is the causative agent for scarlet fever.
An important nursing intervention in the care of a child with bacterial conjunctivitis is
A. intermittent warm, moist compresses to remove crusts on the eye area.
B. oral antihistamines to minimize itching.
C. continuous warm compresses to relieve discomfort.
,Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice
Questions and 169 correct and approved
Solutions.
D. application of optic corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. - ANSWER- A.
intermittent warm, moist compresses to remove crusts on the eye area.
The eye should be kept clean. Intermittent warm, moist compresses can soften the
crusting for easier removal, maintaining the cleanliness of the eye.
Antihistamines are not usually necessary for bacterial conjunctivitis.
Continuous warm compresses would promote bacterial growth.
Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial infections; optic corticosteroids are
not warranted.
The nurse is assessing a child with herpetic gingivostomatitis. The nurse wears gloves
when examining the lesions. This nursing action is
A. unnecessary because the virus is sexually transmitted.
B. unnecessary because the virus is not easily spread.
C. necessary only if the nurse touches his or her own mouth after touching the child's
mouth.
D. necessary because virus can easily enter breaks in the skin. - ANSWER- D.
necessary because virus can easily enter breaks in the skin.
HSV easily enters breaks in the skin and can cause herpetic whitlow on the fingers.
Herpetic gingivostomatitis is usually caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1. HSV 2 is
usually transmitted through sexual activity.
Gloves are always necessary because the virus is easily spread.
Which statement best represents infectious mononucleosis?
A. Human herpesvirus type 2 is the principal cause.
B. Herpes-like Epstein-Barr virus is the principal cause.
C. Diagnosis is established by a complete blood count, which reveals a characteristic
leukopenia.
D. Diagnosis is established by clinical manifestations because diagnostic tests cannot
confirm the diagnosis. - ANSWER- B. Herpes-like Epstein-Barr virus is the principal
cause.
Herpes-like Epstein-Barr virus accounts for most cases of mononucleosis.
Herpes-like Epstein-Barr virus is the principal cause of mononucleosis.
A complete blood count in an adolescent with mononucleosis would indicate a
lymphocytic leukocytosis with atypical lymphs, not leukopenia.
The monospot test is a highly specific test for mononucleosis.
Which statement is correct about young children who report sexual abuse by one of
their parents?
A. They may exhibit various behavioral manifestations.
B. In most cases, the child has fabricated the story.
C. Their stories are not believed unless other evidence is apparent.
, Pediatrics Exam 2 - Elsevier Practice
Questions and 169 correct and approved
Solutions.
D. They should be able to retell the story the same way to another person. - ANSWER-
A. They may exhibit various behavioral manifestations.
There is no diagnostic profile of the child who is being sexually abused. Many different
behavioral manifestations may be exhibited, from outward sexual behaviors with others
to withdrawal and introversion.
It is never appropriate to assume that a child has fabricated the story of sexual abuse.
Adults are reluctant to believe children, and sexual abuse often goes unreported.
Physical examination is normal in approximately 80% of abused children.
The child will usually try to protect their parents and may accept responsibility for the
act.
A child is brought to the emergency department after falling down the basement stairs.
On assessment, what findings may cause the nurse to suspect child abuse? (Select all
that apply.)
A. The childs bruises are located only on the right arm and leg.
B. The child is brought to the emergency department by an unrelated adult.
C. The child has a history of a broken arm last year from falling off a swing.
D. The childs caregiver is anxious that the child get immediate medical attention.
E. The child has red, green, and yellow bruises on more than one plane of the body. -
ANSWER- B. The child is brought to the emergency department by an unrelated adult.
E. The child has red, green, and yellow bruises on more than one plane of the body.
A child brought to a healthcare provider for a trauma or suspicious injury by an
unrelated adult or if the primary care provider is totally unavailable is a warning sign of
abuse.<br>Varying degrees of healing of bruises in more than one plane of the body is
a warning of abuse.<br>Falling down stairs can be an unintentional injury.<br>A child
with an isolated documented injury is not a warning sign of abuse. Multiple fractures of
differing ages are a warning sign of abuse.<br>An anxious caregiver is a normal
response for an injured child. A delay in seeking care is a warning sign of abuse.
Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive
development?
A. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior
B. Inability to put oneself in another's place
C. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes
D. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions - ANSWER- C.
Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes
Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes are characteristic of concrete
operations. Children in this stage are able to classify objects.
Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior is characteristic of the sensorimotor
stage, which occurs from birth to 2 years of age.
Inability to put oneself in another's place is characteristic of the preoperational stage,
ages 2 to 7 years.
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