CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
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Course
Patho- NURS
Institution
Patho- NURS
CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING...
CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 WITH
ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High F
SBS, increased insulin by the pancreas - ANSWER-Negative Feedback
Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade - ANSWER-
Positive Feedback
________ provide selectivity to a membrane - ANSWER-Proteins
__________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers - ANSWER-Integral
proteins
_____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators - ANSWER-Peripheral proteins
____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups
have abundant energy - ANSWER-ATP
______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration. will not occur if the
membrane is non permeable to the molecule - ANSWER-Simple/passive diffusion
●Complete cessation of respirations and circulation
●Algor mortis: Reduced temperature
●Livor mortis: Purple skin discoloration
●Rigor mortis: Muscle stiffening
,●Postmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associated with the release of enzymes and lytic
dissolution - ANSWER-Somatic Death
1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy) - ANSWER-Factors that affect the net
rate of diffusion (3)
_____ is the passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute concentration to
high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID) - ANSWER-Osmosis
Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY -
ANSWER-Primary Active Transport
Action in which transport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient of another
molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY - ANSWER-Secondary Active Transport
__________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of all cells; enzyme that converts
ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy - ANSWER-Na+- K+ ATPase (also known as the sodium-
potassium pump)
__________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentration - ANSWER-Ca2+ ATPase
__________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of renal
tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold - ANSWER-H+ ATPase
(3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is pumped in. This action is called _______. -
ANSWER-Sodium Potassium Pump
, Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+). This action is called _______. -
ANSWER-Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport
Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+. This action is called _______. -
ANSWER-Counter transport
How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility? - ANSWER-Increase intracellular Ca2+
________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of charge - ANSWER-ungated Ion Channels
________ are determined by: Voltage dependent Na+ channels) & Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH
receptor channels) - ANSWER-Gated Ion Channels
Conductance depends on probability that channel is open. These are called __________. - ANSWER-Ion
Channels
__________ is the diffusion potential that exactly balances or opposes the tendency for diffusion down
the concentration difference. - ANSWER-Equilibrium Potential
If a membrane were permeable to only K+ then K+ would diffuse down its concentration gradient until
the electrical potential across the membrane countered diffusion. (moving from inside the cell down its
concentration gradient to the outside of the cell). - ANSWER-(blank)
If the membrane were only permeate to K+; the Vm would be -94mv. This concept is called _________. -
ANSWER-Potassium Nernst Potential also called equilibrium potential
If the membrane were only permeable to Na+ then the Vm would be +61mv. This concept is called
_________. - ANSWER-Sodium Nernst Potential
The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for the ion with the highest
permeability! This concept is called _________. - ANSWER-The Goldman Hodgkin Katz Equation
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