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NR 546 Midterm Exam
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Exam of 9 pages for the course NR 546 at NR 546 (NR 546 Midterm Exam)
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Voorbeeld 2 van de 9 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
NR 546 ExamHow does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in
selecting medication for clients? - ANSWER Genetic testing can assist by providing
more information on how clients may respond to certain psychotropic medications,
as well as providing information on how a client may break down and metabolize
medications based on the cytochrome P450 system.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should have
been "off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other
. Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can impact mental health. Although
twins may have identical genes, their gene expression may be different.
Neuroscience - ANSWER is the study of the structure and function of the brain and
is a field which is making great advancements (Pliszka, 2016). A strong foundational
understanding of neuroscience and how the structure and function of the brain can
result in mental health symptoms is necessary to treat mental illnesses.
Some mental disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and major
depressive disorder are thought to be a result of malformations or malfunctions
within the brain.
The psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) must comprehend how
medications impact the brain in order to safely and effectively prescribe psychotropic
medications.
Brain tissue - ANSWER is composed of gray and white matter.
gray matter - ANSWER The cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and the butterfly-
shaped portion of the central spinal cord are comprised of gray matter which
contains neural cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites, and all nerve synapses.
It is the working area of the brain and the focus of psychiatry and neurology.
Gray matter - ANSWER associated with learning.
Changes in the gray matter are linked to psychiatric diagnoses including Alzheimer's
disease, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder.
White Matter - ANSWER contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different
regions into functional circuits.
The myelin that coats neuronal axons is necessary for electrical impulse
transmission.
, Think of the white matter as a transit system. If there are breaks in the system, then
people cannot get to their destinations.
Within the brain, these breaks affect neural communication, affecting behavior.
Damage to the myelin can impair transmission which can impact not only sensory
and motor function, but also cognition.
White matter abnormalities are associated with autism and vascular dementia.
The central sulcus separates which lobes? - ANSWER frontal lobe from parietal
lobe
Frontal lobe - ANSWER Associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking.
etc.
Broca's area - ANSWER Speech
Temporal lobe - ANSWER Involves object identification and auditory signals
Cerebellum - ANSWER coordination and balance
Wernicke's area - ANSWER Speech comprehension
occipital lobe - ANSWER Primary visual area
parietal lobe - ANSWER Keeps us alert to what is going on around us
Sensory Cortex - ANSWER Pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - ANSWER Movement
Hippocampus - ANSWER Involved in both memory and anxiety
Nucleus accumbens - ANSWER Involved in the reward process.
Thalamus - ANSWER Involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
Striatum - ANSWER Involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to
motor actions
Limbic System - ANSWER This includes circuits that are associated with pleasure
and reward, emotion and learning
Basal ganglia - ANSWER A group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements
Amygdala - ANSWER Involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors
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