Pathophysiology Davis Advantage Ch 40
Complete Mock Exam 2024/2025
What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating blood
pressure and fluid balance?
The RAAS system activates to retain sodium and water, which increases blood pressure and
fluid volume.
How...
pathophysiology davis advantage ch 40 complete moc
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Pathophysiology Davis Advantage Ch 40
Complete Mock Exam 2024/2025
What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating blood
pressure and fluid balance?
The RAAS system activates to retain sodium and water, which increases blood pressure and
fluid volume.
How does diabetes mellitus contribute to diabetic nephropathy?
Chronic hyperglycemia damages the glomeruli, causing protein leakage into the urine.
What is the main cause of glomerulonephritis?
An autoimmune response that targets the glomeruli.
Why does chronic kidney disease (CKD) lead to anemia?
CKD results in reduced production of erythropoietin, leading to decreased red blood cell
production.
How is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) affected in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
GFR declines drastically, leading to reduced kidney function and fluid retention.
What electrolyte imbalance is most common in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance in CKD.
1
, Why does hypertension contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Hypertension damages the renal arteries, leading to nephron loss and reduced filtration
capacity.
What is the primary effect of dehydration on renal function?
Dehydration reduces renal perfusion, decreasing the glomerular filtration rate.
Why do patients with kidney failure often develop metabolic acidosis?
The kidneys fail to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, causing metabolic
acidosis.
What happens to the glomerular basement membrane in nephrotic syndrome?
The glomerular basement membrane becomes damaged, leading to massive proteinuria.
How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
CKD causes fluid overload and hypertension, leading to increased cardiovascular risk.
Why do patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience bone demineralization?
Impaired kidney function results in decreased activation of vitamin D, leading to poor
calcium absorption and bone demineralization.
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
2
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