Grade 8 Natural Sciences (NS) Summaries - Term 3 (Via Afrika): These summaries are compiled using the Via Afrika textbook's Term 3 content. The summaries are in English, with additional notes provided by the compiler.
Strand 3 - Energy and change
Topic 1: Static electricity
Topic 2: Ener...
, Parallel Circuits Series circuits
A circuit with two or A circuit with only one
more pathways for pathway for charges
• Parallelcharges
circuits are when two lines or resistors are connected • Circuits with one charge pathway.
in parallel. • Components connected one after another.
• The overall current in a parallel circuit increases when more • Positive terminal of one cell touches negative of the
resistors are added. next.
• • Current remains constant.
• Addition of resistor decreases overall circuit current.
Comparing Resistors in
Series and Parallel T3: Series and
Sample
• Circuit Design:
o Features a torch cell holder and metal pegs for easy
strip fitting.
o Strips connect circuit components and some have
holes for screwing torch bulbs.
parallel
circuits
A Circuit Board
• Torch Cell Holder Overview:
o Features holder for torch cells.
o Arranges metal pegs for easy strip fitting.
o Connects circuit components.
Summaries after sample
o Maximum of three torch cells can be placed in series. o Some strips have bulb screw holes.
o Connecting wire with crocodile clips connects cells to o Can hold up to three torch cells in series.
the circuit. o Connects cells to circuit via crocodile clips.
o Series circuit provides one pathway for current
passing.
o Series resistors increase total resistance, decreasing
current.
o Parallel circuit provides two or more pathways for
current passing. The history of
• Bulbs in Series and Parallel Circuits Other Output Devices electricity
o Advantages: One switch can switch on all bulbs.
o Disadvantages: If one bulb burns out, all bulbs go out. • Other output devices include • Evidence suggests that
o Advantages: As more bulbs are connected, total buzzers and beepers used in alarm electricity has been used by
current produced increases, reducing battery lifespan. systems, relays for powerful ancient Egyptians over 3,000
• Metal Resistors electric motors, fluorescent tubes, years ago.
o Nickel and chromium wire used in toasters and hair and LED lighting.
dryers.
o Eureka wire used for cutting polystyrene when hot.
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