HSC 308 Reviews 1-6 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers
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Course
HSC 308
Institution
HSC 308
HSC 308 Reviews 1-6 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers
What is the function of the endocrine system - Answer- a chemical communication system
constantly monitors internal environment
coordinated integration of physiological system during rest and exercise
maintains homeostasis durin...
HSC 308 Reviews 1-6 Exam
Questions with All Correct
Answers
What is the function of the endocrine system - Answer- a chemical communication
system
constantly monitors internal environment
coordinated integration of physiological system during rest and exercise
maintains homeostasis during exercise (controls substrate metabolism, regulates
electrolyte balance)
how do cells control hormone effects - Answer- change sensitivity to hormones
number of receptors on cell surface can change
Describe the major differences between steroid and nonsteroid hormones (know the
different mechanisms of action) - Answer- steroid hormones
receptors inside cell
derived from cholesterol
lipid soluble, diffuse through cell membrane
secreted by four major glands (adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, placenta)
nonsteriod hormones
receptos on cell surface and need to produce a secondary messenger to carry out
hormone effects
not lipid soluble
protein/peptide hormones (from pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland)
amino acid-derived hormones (thyroid hormones (T3, T4) adrenal medulla hormones
(epinephrine, norepinephrine)
how do insulin and glucagon oppose each other? - Answer- insulin- lowers blood glucoe
glucagon- increases blood glucose
insulin levels drop during exercise, but more glucose enters the cell. How? - Answer-
insulin concentrations decreases
cellular insulin sensitivity increases, increased receptors
more glucose uptake into cells, use less insulin
What is the role of ADH following exercise induced dehydration? - Answer- increase
water reabsorption at kidneys
, less water in urine, antidiuresis
minimizes water loss, severe dehydration
Describe how the body reacts to a drop-in blood pressure due to exercise induced
dehydration - Answer- Renin-angiotension-aldosterone mechanism
drop in blood pressure stimulus for renin (enzyme) release
renin- converts angiotension to angiotension I
ACE converts angiotension I to angiotension II
angiotension II vasoconstricts vessels and stimulates aldosterone release which retains
water
List the pros and cons of the major methods of measuring, estimating, and predicting
energy expenditure - Answer- direct calorimetry
good for resting metabolic rates
expensive
indirect calorimetry
accurate
expensive
isotope measurements
accurate and easy to use
expensive
heart rate monitoring
can estimate VO2 from HR in other exercise settings
confounded by ambietn temps, upper vs. lower body exercises, changes in fitness
pedometer
easy to use
easy to manipulate
accelerometer
detects acceleration
easy to use
inaccurate at low speeds
self report methods
inexpensive and easy
strong potential for bias
Why are VO2 results commonly converted from BTPS to STPD - Answer- allows for
comparison between different environmental conditions
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