Exam (elaborations)
CHEM 121 Final Exam Latest Updates 2024/2025
- Course
- CHEM 121
- Institution
- Portage Learning
CHEM 121 Final Exam Latest Updates 2024/2025
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CHEM 121 Final Exam Latest Updates2024/2025
What are the different levels of energy? ANS✔✔ 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s
< 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s
How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? ANS✔✔ Fahrenheit = (Celsius x
9/5) + 32
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? ANS✔✔ Celsius = (Fahrenheit -
32) x 5/9
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin? ANS✔✔ Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius? ANS✔✔ Celsius = Kelvin - 273.15
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin? ANS✔✔ Kelvin = (Fahrenheit +
459.67) x 5/9
How do you convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit? ANS✔✔ Fahrenheit = (Kelvin x 9/5)
- 459.67
What is Hess's Law? ANS✔✔ When reactants are converted to products,
the enthalpy of the reaction is the same, no matter if it occurs in one step, or
a series of steps.
,What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? ANS✔✔ Each electron has a set of 4
numbers, called quantum numbers (q.n.'s.) that specify it completely. No two
electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 q.n.'s. The primary
quantum number n tells you which of the main energy levels you are in.
What is the principle of quantum number n? ANS✔✔ Describes the distance
of the orbital from the nucleus. The larger the value the larger the distance
of the electron.
What is the magnetic quantum number ml? ANS✔✔ Tells us the 3D
orientation of the orbital in space.
What is the electron spin quantum number ms? ANS✔✔ Tells us the spin
direction of the electron, +1/2 or -1/2
What is the angular momentum quantum number l? ANS✔✔ This tells us the
shape.
Which areas of the periodic table belong to which orbital? ANS✔✔ Groups 1 &
2 & Helium = s
Groups 3 through 12 = d
Groups 13 through 18 (not He) = p
What happens in terms of reactions throughout the periodic table? ANS✔✔
The reactions are more vigorous as we go down, like in Group 1.
, What are the reactive characteristics of group 7 - halogens? ANS✔✔ They are
all very reactive because of their 7 valance electrons. They have very high
ionization energies & electron affinities. Fluorine is very reactive and known
as the tiger of chemistry. The reactivity is the opposite as the rest. It
decreases as it goes down.
What kinds of atoms form together in a hybrid state? ANS✔✔ Those who do
not normally look to bond together from number of valence electrons.
What is a hybrid state? ANS✔✔ Moving the composition of electrons
throughout the s, p and d levels of electrons.
What are the 3 different kinds of hybridization? ANS✔✔ sp: 2 s --- 1s 1p
sp2: 2s 1 p --- 1s 2p
sp3: 2s 2p --- 1s 3p
What is the purpose of hybridization? ANS✔✔ To stabilize the atom.
What can carbon bond with as far as hybridization? ANS✔✔ sp, sp2, sp3
Which equation relates pressure, temperature, volume and number of moles
of gas? ANS✔✔ PV = nRT
P = pressure (atms)
V = volume (Liters)
n = number of moles
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