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Chapter 21 Cancer Development Questions and Answers 2024
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Chapter 21 Cancer Development
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Chapter 21 Cancer DevelopmentWhich information must the organ transplant nurse emphasize before a patient is
discharged? - answer “Taking immunosuppressant medications increases your risk for
cancer and the need for screenings."
Rationale: Use of immunosuppressant medications to prevent organ rejection increases
the risk for cancer. Advanced age is a risk factor for all people, not just for organ
transplant recipients. Immunosuppressant medications must be taken for the life of the
organ; the risk for developing cancer remains.
A patient has a diagnosis of lung cancer. To which areas does the nurse anticipate that
this patient's tumor may metastasize? Select all that apply. - answer Brain, bone, lymph
nodes, and liver.
Rationale: Typical sites of metastasis of lung cancer include the brain, bone, liver,
lymph nodes, and pancreas. Kidneys are not a typical site of lung cancer metastasis.
The nurse explains to a patient that which risk factor of those listed most likely
contributed to the patient's primary liver carcinoma? - answerInfection with hepatitis B
virus.
Rationale: Hepatitis B and C are risk factors for primary liver cancer. Alcohol abuse is
also a risk factor for the development of liver cancer. Consuming a diet high in animal
fat may predispose a person to colon or breast cancer. Exposure to radon is a risk
factor for lung cancer. Familial polyposis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Which description about genetic screening is correct? - answerIt identifies genetic risk
for specific cancers.
Rationale: Genetic screening helps to identify if a patient has a genetic risk for specific
cancers. The tests are performed only on blood samples. A positive test indicates the
presence of a mutated gene that may cause cancer; however, the cancer may never
develop. The test result is not shared with the patient's family; it is the patient's privilege
to maintain secrecy or disclose the contents of the test to the family.
A 72-year-old patient recovering from lung cancer surgery asks the nurse to explain
how she developed cancer when she has never smoked. Which factor may explain the
possible cause? - answerAdvancing age.
Rationale: Advancing age is the single most important risk factor for cancer. As a
person ages, immune protection decreases. Diabetes is not known to cause lung
, cancer. Regular exercise is not a risk factor for lung cancer, nor does having cardiac
disease predispose a person to lung cancer.
The nurse reviews the chart of a patient admitted with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with a
T1NXM0 classification. Which explanation does the nurse offer when the patient asks
what the terminology means? - answer"The brain tumor measures about 1-2 cm and
shows no regional lymph nodes and no distant metastasis."
Rationale: T1 means that the tumor is increasing in size to about 2 cm and that no
regional lymph nodes are present in the brain. M0 means that no distant metastasis has
occurred. NX means that no regional lymph nodes can be assessed. A glioma is a
benign tumor of the brain, but the patient is diagnosed with a glioblastoma, which
means a malignant tumor of the glial cells of the brain.
The nurse is teaching a patient about cancer warning signs. Which signs/symptoms
does the nurse include? Select all that apply. - answerUnusual bleeding and discharge,
change in bowel or bladder habits, and nagging cough or a hoarse voice.
Rationale: Unusual bleeding and discharge can be a warning sign for the onset of
cancer. A change in bowel or bladder habits may be indicative of a malignancy in the
intestine and urinary bladder, respectively. Nagging cough or hoarseness can indicate a
malignancy of the respiratory airways. A sore that heals quickly indicates an effective
wound-healing mechanism, while a non-healing sore can be a cancer warning sign.
Long-lasting moles or warts with observable changes may be a warning sign for cancer.
Which body cells have the ability to wander throughout the body despite not being
cancerous in origin? Select all that apply. - answerPlatelets and leukocytes.
Rationale: Neurons, nerve cells, and cardiac cells make proteins called fibronectin,
which keeps these cells tightly bound to each other (tight adherence). Platelets and
leukocytes do not make fibronectin and therefore wander throughout the body
performing their actions.
Which body tissue cells have the capacity of dividing throughout one's lifespan? Select
all that apply. - answerHair, uterus, bone marrow, and stomach.
Rationale: Hair cells, uterine cells, bone marrow, and stomach cells have the capacity to
divide throughout one's lifespan. Heart muscle cells do not divide after the fetal life; the
number of these cells remains fixed after birth.
Which screening guideline is recommended for the early detection of cancer? -
answerYearly fecal occult blood test for adults of all ages.
Rationale: A yearly fecal occult blood test is recommended for adults of all ages. The
presence of occult blood helps to detect problems of the stomach and intestine at an
earlier stage. Colonoscopy is recommended at the age of 50 and then every 10 years.
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