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PNUR1165 Final Exam Questions And Correct Answers A+ Graded
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PNUR1165 Final Exam Questions And CorrectAnswers A+ Graded
Wear-and-tear theory
cell errors are the result of "wearing out" over time owing to trauma and continued use.
internal and external stressors increase the number of errors and the speed with which
they occur. these errors cause a progressive decline in cellular function
cross-link theory
explains aging in terms of accumulation of errors by cross-linking, or the stiffening of
proteins in the cell. most easily with collagens
free radical theory
free radicals are natural by-products of cellular activity and are always present to some
extent. it is believed that cellular errors are the result of random damage from
molecules (free radicals) in the cells. exposure to environment pollutants increase
production of free radicals
how does the skin change with age?
- dryness
- pallor
- fragility
- wrinkling and sagging
- decreased perspiration
- age spots
- thinning and greying of body hair
how does the neuromuscular system change with age?
,- decreased speed and power of muscles
- slower reaction time
- loss of height
- loss of bone mass
- joint stiffness
- impaired balance
kyphosis
stopable over, curvature of the cervical vertebrae that results from reduced bone
mineral density (BMD)
what are age-related changes to the sensory and perceptual system?
- loss of visual acuity
- presbyopia
- presbycusis
- reduced sense of taste and smell
presbyopia
progressive loss of vision
presbycusis
progressive loss of hearing
what are age-related respiratory system changes?
decreased ability to expel accumulated matter
decreased lung expansion
, less effective exhalation
reduced vital capacity
increased residual volume
dyspnea with exertion
tidal volume
amount of air you breathe in and out during a normal breath
vital capacity
max inhalation and max exhalation
residual capacity
air still left over in lungs after max exhalation
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