1.Asthma: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflam- matory response in the bronchioles
2.What are 5 s/s of asthma:
coughing wheezing
shortness of
breath rapid
breathing chest
tightness
3.Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
,-decreased alveolar ventilation
4.Bronchioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi
that become the alveoli
5.3 layers of the bronchioles: innermost
layer middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6.lamina propria: the middle layer of the bronchioles
7.structure of the lamina propria: embedded with connective tissue
cells and immune cells
8.purpose of the lamina propria: white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
9.How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma: the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
10.What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain: columnar
,epithe- lial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11.What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain: smooth
muscle cells
12.what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do: control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
13.alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
14.how does hyperinflation occur?: the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
around
, 15.Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
16.What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and
iprat- ropium
17.What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?: These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
18.MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma: the parasympathetic system
is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to
the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial
constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
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