Antidiabetic drugs Study Guide Exam And Actual Answers.
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Course
Antidiabetic drugs
Institution
Antidiabetic Drugs
Two types of Diabetes Mellitus - Answer Type I and Type II
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus - Answer elevated fasting blood glucose higher than 126 mg/dl
polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Glycosuria, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, hyperglycemia
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Answ...
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Answer lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin
affected patients need exogenous insulin
fewer than 10% of all diabete cases are this type
complications include Diabetic ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
Diabetic ketoacidosis - Answer One of the most serious complications of hyperglycemia. Caused by
drawing fluid out of the cell into circulation, excreted by kidneys. Results in Polyuria, dehydration &
electrolyte imbalance. This increases fat metabolism and ketones, resulting in metabolic acidosis.
hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome - Answer medical emergency; complication of DM 2; high
mortality; more often in elderly with other comorbidities; serumglucose >500 mg/dl; severe
dehydration, low blood volume; ketosis is absent
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Answer most common type 90% of all cases, caused by insulin deficiency
and insulin resistance, many tissues are resistant to insulin reduced number of insulin receptors, insulin
receptors less responsive
Several Comorbities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Answer Obesity
Coronary Heart Disease
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Microalbuminemia (Protein in the urine)
, increased risk of thrombotic (blood clotting) events
collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome, insulin-resistant syndrome or syndrome x
Gestational Diabetes - Answer hyperglycemia that develops during pregnancy
insulin must be given to prevent birth defects
usually subsides after delivery
30% of patients may develop type 2 DM within 10 to 15 years
Long term complication of DM - Answer macrovascular (atherosclerotic plaque) of coronary arteries,
cerebral arteries, and peripheral vessels
Screening for DM - Answer HbA1C- greater than 6.5%
fasting plasma glucose - greater then 126 mg/dl
Impaired glucose tolerance test (oral glucose challenge)
recommended every 3 years for all patients over 45
Treatment for DM type 1 - Answer Insulin therapy
Treatment for DM type 2 - Answer lifestyle changes, oral drug therapy, insulin when the others no
longer provide glycemic control
Type of Antidiabetic drugs - Answer Insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs
Insulins - Answer function as a substitute for the endgenous hormone
effects are the same as the endogenous hormone
restores the diabetic patients ability to metabolize carbs, fats, and proteins, stores glucose in the liver,
convert glycogen to fat stores Goal: tight glucose control to reduce the long-term complications
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