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Pharm: antidiabetic drugs CH. 32 Midterm Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers $10.19   Add to cart

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Pharm: antidiabetic drugs CH. 32 Midterm Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers

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pancreas - Answer is both an exocrine gland (secreting digestive enzymes through the pancreatic duct) and an endocrine gland (secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream and not through a duct). • Two main hormones that are produced by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon. Both hormones...

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Pharm: antidiabetic drugs CH. 32
Midterm Exam Questions And 100%
Correct Answers.
pancreas - Answer is both an exocrine gland (secreting digestive enzymes through the pancreatic duct)
and an endocrine gland (secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream and not through a duct).

• Two main hormones that are produced by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon. Both hormones play
an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, specifically the use, mobilization, and storage
of glucose by the body.



incretins - Answer hormones released by GI tract in response to food. They:

stimulate insulin secretion

reduce postprandial glucagon production

slow gastric emptying

increase satiety



GLP-1= most important glucagon-like peptide

(glucagon like peptide)

GIP = gastric inhibitory peptide

(both hormones are rapidly deactivated by enzyme DPP-IV)



amylin agonist interaction

pramlintide - Answer by itself does not cause hypoglycemia, however, if pt taking preprandial
rapid/short acting insulin, the insulin dose needs reducing by 50%



can delay absorption of any drug taken at same time and needs to be given at least 1 hr. before any other
meds



incretin mimetics indication

Exenatide

,Liraglutide - Answer Exenatide (Byetta, pregnancy category C)

-- only available as subcut injection

-- only for type II diabetes tx, in pts unable to get blood glucose control w/metformin, sulfonylurea,
and/or glitazone

-- can't be used with insulin

-- best given 60 mins before meal



Liraglutide (Victoza)

-- similar to exenatide



amylin agonists

pramlintide, Symlin) - Answer amylin is a natural hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas along
w/insulin in response to food

decrease postprandial plasma glucose levels by:

slowing gastric emptying

suppressing glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose production

increases satiety when given before major meals (mimic the action of the natural hormone amylin



contraindicatons:

gastroparesis

pts taking drugs that alter GI motility



adverse effects:

nausea

vomiting

anorexia

headache



amylin agonists indications

, Pramlintide - Answer Pramlintide

pregnancy Category C drug

only available amylin agonist

available only as subcutaneous injection

for type I, type II diabetes receiving mealtime insulin

(first drug approved for use in type I diabetes)



incretin mimetics - Answer exenatide

liraglutide



enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion, suppress elevated glucagon secretion, slow gastric
emptying

can delay absorption of other orally administered drugs



contraindication: any known allergy to either drug



adverse effects:

nausea

vomiting

diarrhea

necrotizing pancreatitis (rare)

weight loss (5-10 lbs)



interactions:

sulfonylurea drugs (dose may need reducing if hypoglycemia appears on initiation of exenatide therapy)



insulin and glucagon hormones - Answer Because of the critical role of the pancreas in producing and
maintaining these two hormones, the drastic measures of pancreatic or islet cell transplant are
sometimes undertaken to treat type 1 diabetes that has not been successfully controlled by other
means.

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