Test Bank Questions and Answers for Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 100% Pass
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Course
Glomerulonephritis
Institution
Glomerulonephritis
Test Bank Questions and Answers for Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 100% Pass
Overview - Answers Renal disease in which the glomeruli become inflamed
Usually associated with a postinfectious state, commonly a streptococcal infection of the respiratory tract or, less commonly, a skin in...
Test Bank Questions and Answers for Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 100% Pass
Overview - Answers Renal disease in which the glomeruli become inflamed
Usually associated with a postinfectious state, commonly a streptococcal infection of the respiratory
tract or, less commonly, a skin infection such as impetigo
Full recovery in up to 70% of adults
In elderly patients, possible progression to chronic renal failure within months
Relatively common
Also called acute glomerulonephritis
Overview-Pathophysiology - Answers Antigen-antibody complexes are produced in response to group A
beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection.
Antigen-antibody complexes are trapped in the glomerular capillary membranes.
Inflammatory damage results leading to thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, possibly
affecting the renal vessels, renal interstitium, and tubular epithelium, subsequently, impairing
glomerular function.
Immune complexes activate secondary mediators such as the complement pathways, neutrophils,
macrophages, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, further affecting vascular tone and permeability.
Glomerular filtration volume is reduced.
Damaged inflamed glomeruli lose the ability to be selectively permeable; salt and water excretion
usually decreases, leading to an increase in extracellular fluid volume.
Red blood cells (RBCs) and proteins then filter through as the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
Scarring and loss of filtering surface can lead to renal failure.
Overview-Causes - Answers Untreated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection, such as of the
respiratory tract or the skin (impetigo).
Overview-Incidence - Answers Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis occurs most commonly in
males.
The disease can occur at any age.
Overview-Complications - Answers Hypertensive retinopathy or encephalopathy
Anemia
Pulmonary edema
, Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Microhematuria (persisting for years)
Chronic renal failure (rare)
Nephrotic syndrome
Assessment-History - Answers Untreated respiratory streptococcal infection or impetigo within the last 1
to 3 weeks
Abdominal pain
Anorexia
Back pain
Fatigue
Dyspnea and orthopnea
Cough
Assessment-Physical Findings - Answers Decreased urination, anuria, or oliguria
Gross hematuria or smoky or coffee-colored urine
Proteinuria
Mild to moderate periorbital edema
Mild to severe hypertension
Bibasilar crackles (with heart failure)
Pallor
Fever (rare)
Costovertebral tenderness (rare)
Bradycardia or tachycardia
Diagnostic Test Results-Laboratory - Answers Urinalysis reveals protein, blood, red blood cells (RBCs),
white blood cells (WBCs), or casts.
Electrolyte levels are imbalanced (elevated serum potassium levels, decreased serum calcium levels, and
metabolic acidosis).
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are elevated.
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