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ALL OF ESS FOR IB EXAM well answered already passed
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ALL OF ESS FOR IB EXAM well answered already passed
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ALL OF ESS FOR IB EXAMBiochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - correct answer ✔✔Amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria
to decompose given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.
Biotic index - correct answer ✔✔A measure of water quality that uses the diversity and abundance of
organisms living within it.
Deep water currents - correct answer ✔✔Deep ocean currents are driven by density and temperature
gradients. Thermohaline circulation is also known as the ocean's conveyor belt (which refers to deep
ocean density-driven ocean basin currents).
Eutrophication - correct answer ✔✔excessive richness of nutrients, particularly phosphorus and
nitrogen, in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense
growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
Fishery - correct answer ✔✔An area with a large population of valuable ocean organisms;
a commercially harvestable population of fish within a particular ecological region
Indicator species - correct answer ✔✔Species that serve as early warnings that a community or
ecosystem is being degraded.
Water budget - correct answer ✔✔Describes the income and the spending of water in a region;
A summation of inputs, outputs, and net changes to a water system, such as a groundwater basin, or an
entire state, over a fixed period
Water pollution - correct answer ✔✔Any physical or chemical change in surface water or groundwater
that can harm living organisms or make water unfit for certain uses.
surface water - correct answer ✔✔Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams,
ponds, floodwater, and runoff.
,ground water - correct answer ✔✔underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks
hydrology - correct answer ✔✔the study of water and its effects on and in the earth and in the
atmosphere
salination - correct answer ✔✔contamination of soil by salt water;
process in which plants are rendered incapable of growth by salts deposited into topsoil through
continual irrigation
phosphates - correct answer ✔✔Phosphorous-based nutrients commonly found in fertilizers and
pesticides;
can cause serious water quality issues when running into a body of water.
hydroelectric - correct answer ✔✔Electricity generated by flowing water
desalination - correct answer ✔✔The process of obtaining fresh water from salt water by removing the
salt.
upwelling - correct answer ✔✔The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean that is caused
by wind.
cloud seeding - correct answer ✔✔the scattering of chemicals into clouds to bring about rain
watershed - correct answer ✔✔an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers,
basins, or seas;
An area of land that drains into a river or lake.
el nino - correct answer ✔✔an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the
equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually
warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.
,la nina - correct answer ✔✔"Normal" year, easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool warm water in
the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the West coast of South America.
zone of saturation - correct answer ✔✔Region below Earth's surface where all the pores of a material
are completely filled with groundwater.
turnover time - correct answer ✔✔The time required to replace all water in a system (e.g. groundwater)
through the water cycle in years.
water table - correct answer ✔✔The upper level of the saturated zone of groundwater;
the top of the saturated zone
recharge zone - correct answer ✔✔an area in which water travels downward to become part of an
aquifer;
area above an aquifer
xeriscaping - correct answer ✔✔a method of landscaping that uses plants that are well adapted to the
local area and are drought resistant;
landscaping using native plants, which minimize the need for additional water
potable water - correct answer ✔✔Water that is safe for humans to drink
grey water - correct answer ✔✔water that can be used for a second time (e.g. bath water used to water
the garden).
black water - correct answer ✔✔Water that contains animal, human or food waste and would not be
reused for other purposes
effluent - correct answer ✔✔the waste from a range of human activities that is discharged into water
bodies
hatchery - correct answer ✔✔place for hatching eggs of fish, hens, etc
, phytoplankton - correct answer ✔✔Microscopic, free-floating, autotrophic organisms that function as
producers in aquatic ecosystems
turbidity - correct answer ✔✔A measure of how clear water is.
algae bloom - correct answer ✔✔Rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system usually
due to an abundance of nutrients: sometimes lowers water's DO.
spawning - correct answer ✔✔method of reproduction in fishes and some other animals where a large
number of eggs are fertilized outside of the body
carrying capacity - correct answer ✔✔Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment
can support
raceway - correct answer ✔✔also known as a flow-through system, is an artificial channel used in
aquaculture to culture aquatic organisms
dissolved oxygen - correct answer ✔✔oxygen dissolved in water, dissolved oxygen is important for fish
and other aquatic animals
non-point source pollution - correct answer ✔✔Pollution that enters a body of water from a large area,
such as lawns, farms, construction sites, and roads;
water pollution that does not have a specific point of origin
point source pollution - correct answer ✔✔Pollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g.,
pipes, ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels, containers of various types).
leaching - correct answer ✔✔removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards
through soil.
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