Attachment - answer-- Strong affectional tie between caregiver and infant.
- Allows infants a secure base for exploration.
- May be the basis of emotional development.
- Forms over the first year of development.
- Allows child to develop a sense of trust of the world (security).
Romanian orp...
Attachment - answer-- Strong affectional tie between caregiver and infant.
- Allows infants a secure base for exploration.
- May be the basis of emotional development.
- Forms over the first year of development.
- Allows child to develop a sense of trust of the world (security).
Romanian orpanages - answer-- Children in Romanian orphanages in 1980's and 1990's.
- The children received little to no contact with a caregiver.
- Were given necessary care to survive but no bonding.
- Their intellectual, emotional, and physical development suffered.
- Those adopted after 6 months old had more difficulty with social and emotional stability.
Behaviorists view of attachment - answer-- Proposed that infant-mother bond is classically conditioned
as the mother provides nourishment to the child.
- Child positively associates the mother with food she provides.
Reinforcement model of attachment - answer-- Bell and Ainsworth study in Baltimore 1970's
- Study of how maternal history of responding to crying influence crying behavior later in infancy.
- Duration: 1 month to 1 year later.
- One group of mothers responded quickly and other group rarely responded.
- Amount of crying does not correlate with their crying behavior later.
- The highly responsive mothers had babies that cried less.
Harry Harlow's work with monkeys - answer-- Proposed that the attachment/bond with
mother/caregiver develops due to the sense of security provided by the mother/caregiver.
- Security is considered a "base of operations."
, - There is more to attachment that providing nourishment.
- Monkeys were given wire monkeys, one with cloth and one with food.
- Monkeys spent more time on cloth monkey than food monkey.
- They gained great presence of security with cloth mother.
Bowlby's attachment theory - answer-- Children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments to
caregivers.
Imprinting - answer-- Konrad Lorenz
- Automatic recognition of a parent or caregiver during critical period (irreversible).
- Common in baby ducks and geese.
- Happens first few days after birth.
Biological basis of attachment - answer-- Behaviors like imprinting in babies include visual preferences
for faces, orienting to familiar sounds, tastes, and smells (learned in utero).
Secure base - answer-- The presence of a trusted caregiver provides the child with a sense of security,
making it possible for the child to explore their environment.
- Baby will not be as fearful to explore their surroundings.
Development of attachment - answer-- Four stages developed by Bowlby.
Stages of attachment - answer-1. Preattachment: Innate signals that bring the caregiver (ex. crying,
smiling) [birth-6 weeks]
2. Attachment-in-the-making: The child forms expectations about how the caregiver will respond. [6
weeks-6/8m]
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