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Applications of GIS Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
.shp file* - Answer✔✔-- a vector data storage format (shapefile) for storing the location, shape, and
attributes of geographic features.
- stored in a set of related files and contains one feature class.
active data frame* - Answer✔✔-The data frame currently being worked on - for example, the data frame
to which layers are being added. The active data frame is highlighted on the map, and its name is shown
in bold text in the table of contents.
active layer - Answer✔✔-The layer that is currently active.
arc* - Answer✔✔-1. On a map, a shape defined by a connected series of unique x,y coordinate pairs. An
arc may be straight or curved.
2. a coverage feature class that represents lines and polygon boundaries. One line feature can contain
many arcs. Arcs are topologically linked to nodes and to polygons. Their attributes are stored in an arc
attribute table (AAT). Nodes indicate the endpoints and intersections of arcs; they do not exist as
independent features. Together, the from-node and the to-node define the direction of the arc
ArcGIS* - Answer✔✔-A suite consisting of a group of geographic information system (GIS) software
products produced by ESRI. It is a system for working with maps and geographic information. It is used
for: creating and using maps; compiling geogrpahic data; analyzing mapped information; sharing and
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discovering geographic information; ;using maps and geogrpahic information in a range of applications;
and managing geographic information in a database.
ArcGIS documents - Answer✔✔-it is the map blah blah
area feature - Answer✔✔-One of the three types of features: point, line, and area. The area feature is a
2D plane produced by a polygon of a certain shape.
arithmetic function - Answer✔✔-A type of methematical function that performs a calculation on the
values of cells in an input raster. There are six arithmetic functions in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Abs, Int,
Float, Round up (Ceil), Round down (Floor) and Negate
Operators - Answer✔✔-Arithmetic - *, /, -, +
Boolean - True or False
Relational - ==, >, <, <>, >=, <=
ASCII files* - Answer✔✔-"American Standard Code for Information Interchange". The de facto standard
for the format of text files in computers and on the internet that assigns an 8-bit binary number to each
alphanumeric or special character. ASCII defines 256 possible characters.
attributes* - Answer✔✔-Nonspatial information about a geogrpahic feature in a GIS, usually stored in a
table and linked to the feature by a unique identifier. For example, attributes of a river might include its
name, length, and sediment load at a gauging station.
attribute query* - Answer✔✔-A request for records of features in a table based on their attribute values
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FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
attribute table - Answer✔✔-A database or tabular file containing information about a set of geographic
features, usually arranged so that each row represents a feature and each column represents one
feature attribute. In raster datasets, each row of an attribute table corresponds to a certain zone of cells
having the same value. In a GIS, attribute tables are often joined or related to spatial data layers, and the
attribute values they contain can be used to find, query, and symbolize features or raster cells.
attribute table: field and records - Answer✔✔-Field are the columns. Records are the rows.
auto-label* - Answer✔✔-A tool that automatically labels a certain layer based on a selected field (usually
NAME)
bitmap* - Answer✔✔-An image format in which one or more bits represent each pixel on the screen.
The number of bits per pixel determines the shades of gray or number of colors that a bitmap can
represent
Boolean expression* - Answer✔✔-an expression, named for the English mathematician George Boole
(1815-1864), that results in a true or false (logical) condition. For example, in the Boolean expression
"HEIGHT > 70 AND DIAMETER = 100," all locations where the height is greater than 70 and the diameter
is equal to 100 would be given a value of 1, or true, and all locations where this criteria is not met would
be given a value of 0, or false.
Boolean operator - Answer✔✔-a logical operator used in the formulation of a Boolean expression.
Common Boolean operators include AND, which specifies a combination of conditions (A and B must be
true); OR, which specifies a list of alternative conditions (A or B must be true); NOT, which negates a
condition (A but not B must be true); and XOR (exclusive or), which makes conditions mutually exclusive
(A or B may be true but not both A and B).
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