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Renal Pathoma: Questions With Accurate Answers
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Renal Pathoma: Questions With Accurate Answers
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Renal Pathoma: Questions With Accurate AnswersHorseshoe kidney - conjoined kidney connected at what pole? Right Ans -
Lower pole
What is the most common congenital renal anomaly? Right Ans -
Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidney - kidney is located where? Right Ans - Lower abdomen
Horseshoe kidney gets caught on what artery root during its ascent from the
pelvis to the abdomen? Right Ans - IMA
Renal agenesis - what kidney formation? May be what 2 lateral? Right Ans -
Absent kidney formation
Unilateral or bilateral
Unilateral renal agenesis leads to what happening to the existing kidney?
Hyperfiltration leads to what failure later in life? Right Ans - Hypertrophy
of the existing kidney
Hyperfiltration leads to renal failure later in life
Bilateral renal agenesis leads to what condition? Right Ans -
Oligohydraminos with pulmonary hypoplasia
Flat face with low set ears, and development defects of the extremities,
incompatible with life Right Ans - Potter Sequence
Dysplastic kidney - noninherited, congenital malformation of renal
parenchyma characterized by what 2 things? Right Ans - Cysts and
connective tissue
Dysplastic kidney usually what? When bilateral must be distinguished from
what? Right Ans - Usually unilateral
When bilateral must be distinguished from inherited polycystic kidney
disease
,Polycystic kidney disease - inherited defect leading to bilateral enlarged
kidneys with cysts in what 2 locations? Right Ans - Renal medulla and
cortex
Polycystic kidney disease - what inheritance present in in infants with
worsening renal failure? What BP? Right Ans - Autosomal recessive
Hypertension
Polycystic kidney disease - newborns may have what condition? Right Ans
- Potter Sequence
Polycystic kidney disease - associated with what fibrosis? What hypertension?
What cysts? Right Ans - Hepatic fibrosis (Portal hypertension)
Hepatic cysts
Polycystic kidney disease - autosomal dominant form presents in young adults
as what BP? Due to what increased substance?
What is seen in blood?
What organ failure? Right Ans - Hypertension (increased renin)
Hematuria
Renal failure
Polycystic kidney disease - what 2 gene mutations? Cysts develop how?
Right Ans - APKD1 and APKD2
Cysts develop over time
Polycystic kidney disease - associated with what aneurysms? What cysts?
What valve prolapse? Right Ans - Berry aneurysms
Hepatic cysts
Mitral valve prolapse
Medullary cystic kidney disease - what inheritance? Defect leading to cysts in
what ducts?
Parenchymal fibrosis results in what sized kidneys? What organ failure
Right Ans - Autosomal dominant
Cysts in the medullary collecting ducts
Shrunken kidneys and worsening renal failure
, Acute renal failure - what happens to renal function? Right Ans - Acute,
severe decrease in renal function (develops within days)
Acute renal failure - azotemia (increase in what 2 things?) Often with what
amounts of urine? Right Ans - Increase in BUN and creatinine with oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - due to what blood flow to the kidneys? Like what
condition? Right Ans - Decreased blood flow to the kidney (cardiac failure)
What is the most common cause of ARF? Right Ans - Prerenal azotemia
Prerenal azotemia - decreased blood flow leads to what GFR? What 2 other
conditions? Right Ans - Decreased GFR
Azotemia
Oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - reabsorption of fluid and BUN ensues (serum BUN:Cr
ratio is more than what?) What is tubular function?
What is the fractional excretion of sodium?
What is urine osmolality? Right Ans - Serum BUN: Cr is more than 15
Tubular function remains intact
Fractional excretion of sodium (FEna is less than 1)
Urine osmolality is more than 500
Postrenal azotemia due to obstruction of urinary tract downstream from
kidney like what structure? Right Ans - Ureters
Postrenal azotemia results in decreased outflow which results in what GFR?
What 2 other conditions? Right Ans - GFR goes down
Azotemia
Oliguria
During early stages of obstruction in postrenal azotemia, increased tubular
pressure forces what into blood?
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than what?
Is tubular function intact?
What is FeNa?
Urine osm is more than what? Right Ans - BUN into blood
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than 15
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