NURS 6010 Exam 1 Practice Questions
And Complete Answers.
What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - Answer -no distinct nucleus
-not membrane-bound
-examples are blue-green algae, cyanobacteria, E. coli, lactobacillus acidophilus
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - Answer -defined nucleus
-precise DNA replication through histones
-examples are plant and animal cells
Viruses are NOT _________ and do not have the structure of __________; some contain DNA but others
only contain RNA - Answer cells; cells
What are the 8 basic cellular functions: - Answer -movement
-conductivity
-secretion
-excretion
-metabolic
-respiration
-reproduction
-communication
What is the function of the nucleus? - Answer cell division and contains genetic information
What is the function of the cytoplasm? - Answer surrounds organelles and stores fat; cytosol makes up
more than half of the cell volume
,What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer -rough: protein synthesis and folding in
the cell
-smooth: steroid hormone synthesis
What is the function of the ribosomes? - Answer additional site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the golgi complex? - Answer receives proteins, packages them, and sends them
to correct destination
What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer originate in the golgi and are necessary for normal
digestion of cellular nutrients (hydrolyze fats, proteins, and carbs into basic metabolic components)
Cellular injury can release lysosomes and cause _____________ - Answer autodigestion
What is the function of the peroxisomes? - Answer oxidize enzymes and detoxify compounds and fatty
acids
What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer responsible for cellular respiration and energy
production
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? - Answer maintains cell shape and organization
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - Answer -structure (contains organelles, molecules,
maintains fluid/electrolyte balance)
-protection (barrier to toxins)
-activation (through hormones, cell division, antigens, growth factors)
-transport (diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, active transport)
-cell to cell communication
What is the composition of the plasma membrane? - Answer phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic
heads on inside/outside and hydrophobic tails in the middle, making membrane mostly impermeable to
water soluble molecules
, What are the 3 ways cells bind together? - Answer 1) cellular receptors
2) extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules
3) cell junctions
How do cellular receptors bind cells together? - Answer they are protein molecules on the membrane
that recognize a ligand and attach to a binding site
How do the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules work? - Answer extracellular matrix is a
meshwork of fibrous proteins formed by cells that secrete fibroblasts; integrins are cell surface proteins
that bind to adjacent cell components and regulate interactions between the cell and matrix
What are the types of cell junctions? - Answer -tight seal (epithelial)
-mechanical attachment (cytoskeletal filaments)
-chemical bonds/gap junctions (transmembrane pores)
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -
Answer diffusion
solute movement across membrane due to a pushing force (hydrostatic pressure) - Answer filtration
movement of a solvent from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane - Answer
osmosis
osmotic pressure= - Answer amount of pressure required to stop osmosis
What does osmolality measure? - Answer -solution (solute + solvent) aka weight
-concentration of osmoles per kg of water
What does osmolarity measure? - Answer -solvent (solvent - solute) aka volume
And Complete Answers.
What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - Answer -no distinct nucleus
-not membrane-bound
-examples are blue-green algae, cyanobacteria, E. coli, lactobacillus acidophilus
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - Answer -defined nucleus
-precise DNA replication through histones
-examples are plant and animal cells
Viruses are NOT _________ and do not have the structure of __________; some contain DNA but others
only contain RNA - Answer cells; cells
What are the 8 basic cellular functions: - Answer -movement
-conductivity
-secretion
-excretion
-metabolic
-respiration
-reproduction
-communication
What is the function of the nucleus? - Answer cell division and contains genetic information
What is the function of the cytoplasm? - Answer surrounds organelles and stores fat; cytosol makes up
more than half of the cell volume
,What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer -rough: protein synthesis and folding in
the cell
-smooth: steroid hormone synthesis
What is the function of the ribosomes? - Answer additional site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the golgi complex? - Answer receives proteins, packages them, and sends them
to correct destination
What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer originate in the golgi and are necessary for normal
digestion of cellular nutrients (hydrolyze fats, proteins, and carbs into basic metabolic components)
Cellular injury can release lysosomes and cause _____________ - Answer autodigestion
What is the function of the peroxisomes? - Answer oxidize enzymes and detoxify compounds and fatty
acids
What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer responsible for cellular respiration and energy
production
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? - Answer maintains cell shape and organization
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - Answer -structure (contains organelles, molecules,
maintains fluid/electrolyte balance)
-protection (barrier to toxins)
-activation (through hormones, cell division, antigens, growth factors)
-transport (diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, active transport)
-cell to cell communication
What is the composition of the plasma membrane? - Answer phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic
heads on inside/outside and hydrophobic tails in the middle, making membrane mostly impermeable to
water soluble molecules
, What are the 3 ways cells bind together? - Answer 1) cellular receptors
2) extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules
3) cell junctions
How do cellular receptors bind cells together? - Answer they are protein molecules on the membrane
that recognize a ligand and attach to a binding site
How do the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules work? - Answer extracellular matrix is a
meshwork of fibrous proteins formed by cells that secrete fibroblasts; integrins are cell surface proteins
that bind to adjacent cell components and regulate interactions between the cell and matrix
What are the types of cell junctions? - Answer -tight seal (epithelial)
-mechanical attachment (cytoskeletal filaments)
-chemical bonds/gap junctions (transmembrane pores)
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -
Answer diffusion
solute movement across membrane due to a pushing force (hydrostatic pressure) - Answer filtration
movement of a solvent from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane - Answer
osmosis
osmotic pressure= - Answer amount of pressure required to stop osmosis
What does osmolality measure? - Answer -solution (solute + solvent) aka weight
-concentration of osmoles per kg of water
What does osmolarity measure? - Answer -solvent (solvent - solute) aka volume
