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Pathoma Inflammation: Questions & Solutions
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Pathoma Inflammation: Questions & Solutions
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Pathoma Inflammation: Questions & SolutionsGoal of inflammation Right Ans - -take things out of blood vessels & into
tissues!
*inflammation is actually occurring in the interstitial space*
Acute inflammation Right Ans - -presence of edema & neutrophils
-arises in response to:
1. *infection*--> to eliminate pathogens!
2. *tissue necrosis*--> to clear necrotic debris
(compare this w/ apoptosis which has no acute inflammation!)
This is an immediate response w/ *limited specificity*
Mediators of acute inflammation Right Ans - 1. Toll-like receptors
2. Arachidonic acid metabolites
3. mast cells
4. complement
5. Hageman factor
Toll-like receptors role in acute inflammation Right Ans - -present on cells
of innate immune system--> *macrophages & DCs!*
-activated by *PAMPs*--> which are commonly shared by microbes! (these let
the body know that there is an invader)
*TLR4--> CONTAINS CD14 ON MACROPHAGES THAT RECOGNIZE LPS!*
-TLC activation results in the up-regulation of *NF-Kb*--> this turns on acute
inflammation by increasing the cytokine flow!
arachidonic acid in acute inflammation Right Ans - -released from
phospholipid cell membrane by *phospholipase A2* & is acted upon by *COX
or 5-Lipoxygenase*
COX & PGs Right Ans - -PGI2, PGD2 & PGE2==> vasodilation (arteriole
level) and increased vascular permeability (post-cap venule)
-PGE2--> mediates pain & fever
PGI2, PGD2 & PGE2 Right Ans - vasodilation (arteriole level) and increased
vascular permeability (post-cap venule)
, PGE2 Right Ans - mediates pain & fever
5-Lipoxygenase & leukotrienes Right Ans - -LTB4--> attracts & activates
neutrophils!
-LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 (slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis)-->
vasoconstriction, bronchospasm & increased vascular permeability==>
*SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION*
-LTB4--> Right Ans - attracts & activates neutrophils!
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 Right Ans - (slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis)-->
vasoconstriction, bronchospasm & increased vascular permeability
*SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION*
4 key recruiters of neutrophils Right Ans - 1. LTB4
2. C5a
3. Il-8
4. bacterial products
mast cells and acute inflammation Right Ans - -widely distributed
throughout CT
activated by:
1. tissue trauma
2. *complement proteins C3a & C5a*
3. cross-linking of surface IgE!
2 responses:
*immediate response*--> release of preformed *histamine granules* which
mediates vasodilation of arterioles & increased vascular permeability
*delayed response*--> involves production of arachidonic acid metabolites,
particularly *leukotrienes* <--this allows for maintenance of immune
response
Complement & acute inflammation 3 pathways Right Ans - -
proinflammatory serum proteins that complement inflammation
-circulate as inactive precursors--> activated upon:
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