Which of the following criticisms of Piaget's work on young children's cognitive
development has been most frequently made? a. Piaget underestimated how advanced
children's cognitive capabilities are because the tasks he used were often too difficult
for children to solve. b. Piaget underestimated how advanced children's cognitive
capabilities are because of his poorly defined criteria for success. c. Piaget
overestimated how advanced preoperational children's capabilities are.
d. the age of his subjects often did not correspond to the cognitive stage he was
attempting to describe. - ANSWER A
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development:
a. is child centered because it fails to address important psychological changes in
adulthood.
b. has educational utility with young children but with adolescents.
c. emphasizes that societal expectations and opportunities can powerfully impact
development.
d. children can passively absorb information as long as it is presented in a
developmentally appropriate manner. - ANSWER C
One reason that today's preschool teachers don't emphasize to their children that they
must color within the lines of a coloring book (as teachers did a generation ago) is that
a. it is considered creative to color outside the lines.
b. large muscle control is necessary for this activity.
c. preschoolers don't like the structure of a coloring book.
d. preschoolers have problems with this type of coordination. - ANSWER B
Stella, who has always believed that wolves stalk and kill human beings, learns that they
are actually quite wary of humans and rarely attack them. Consequently, she joins an
environmental group that is dedicated to reintroducing wolves to areas where they once
lived. This behavior is a reflection of:
, a. accommodation
b. assimilation
c. conservation
d. preoperational stage thinking - ANSWER A
Organized patterns of actions and thoughts, such as kicking a football or realizing that
there are many different types of footballs, are defined by Piaget as
A. organizations
b. adaptations
c. schemes
d. equilibrations - ANSWER C
Which of the following statements most exemplifies the stage of postconventional
morality as described by Kohlberg?
a. I am not going to fight in this war because I am against the invasion of the country
where 95% of its populace are peasants and don't understand or care about the
principles for which the war is being fought.
c. I do not really want to fight in this war, but my only other alternative is to go to jail and
I don't want to do that.
d. I am going to fight in this war because when I come back I'll be a hero and everyone
will think highly of me. - ANSWER A
Third grade is an age when:
a. most children have not yet developed a high degree of motor control
b. children finally have the sufficient stamina to get through a day of school with minimal
rest periods.
c. children's penmanship becomes more like adults'.
d.children are likely to get hurt because they become overconfident in their physical
skills. - ANWER D
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