RNA - Answer✔✔-ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a
messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some
viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
Single stranded
Uracil
Transcription - Answer✔✔-RNA is produced by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the serial
addition of ribonucleotides. Adenine pairs with Uracil
Translation - Answer✔✔-the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the
formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
How does RNA read DNA - Answer✔✔-3' to 5'
What direction does DNA replicate? - Answer✔✔-5' to 3'
Steps of DNA Replication - Answer✔✔-1. Helicases unzips parental double helix
2. Single strand binding proteins stabilize unwound DNA.
3. Leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5'-3' direction by DNA polymerase.
4. Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.
5. Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer, which is extended by DNA polymerase to form Okazaki
Fragment
6. After RNA primer is replaced by DNA (by DNA polymerase), Ligase joins the Okazaki fragment to the
growing strand.
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