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Nurb 3050 final Exam Questions and
Answers |100% Pass
Edema - Answer✔✔-an excess of fluid in the interstitial compartment, which causes a swelling or
enlargement of tissues
Prolonged edema interferes with - Answer✔✔-venous return, arterial circulation, and cell function
Causes of edema - Answer✔✔-1. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. decreased plasma osmotic pressure in the capillaries
3. lymphatic obstruction
4. increased capillary pearmeability
Increased Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure - Answer✔✔--equivalent to higher blood pressure
-forces excessive fluid out of capillary into tissue
Hypervolemia - Answer✔✔-increased blood volume cause by kidney failure, pregnancy, and CHF
Decreased Plasma Osmotic Pressure in the Capillaries - Answer✔✔--loss of plasma proteins
Lymphatic obstruction - Answer✔✔-- tumor or infection damages a lymph node or lymph node is
removed
-cannot circulate lymph fluid
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Increased Capillary Permeability - Answer✔✔-- results from an inflammatory response, bacterial toxins,
burn or wound infections
Effects of Edema - Answer✔✔--localized swelling
- redness or pale
-pain
-pitting edema
-weight gain
-headache
-functional impairment
-impaired arterial circulation
- susceptible to tissue breakdown
-high BP
Dehyrdration - Answer✔✔-insufficient body fluid resulting from either inadequate intake or excessive
loss of fluids, or a combination of both
-measured by change in weight
hypovolemia - Answer✔✔-loss of fluids in the vascular compartment (bloodstream)
Causes of dehydration - Answer✔✔--vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive sweating
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,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
-GI suction
-DKA
-insufficient water intake
-use of concentrated formula for infants
diabetic ketoacidosis - Answer✔✔-insufficient insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels and
mobilization of lipids
effects of dehydration - Answer✔✔-dry mucous membrane
decreased skin turgor
Low BP, weak pulse
fatigue
increased hematocrit
decreasing mental function
confusion & loss of conciousness
turgor - Answer✔✔-elasticity
hematocrit - Answer✔✔-percentage of red blood cells in volume of blood
body compensated for dehydration by - Answer✔✔-increasing thirst
increasing heart rate
constricting cutaneous blood vessels
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, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
producing less urine
Third spacing - Answer✔✔-fluids shifting out of the body into a body cavity or tissue where it is no
longer available as circulating fluid
- shift causes a fluid deficit in vascular compartment (hypovolemia) and fluid excess in the interstitial
space
Hyponatremia - Answer✔✔--deficit of sodium
- caused by early chronic renal failure, sweating, vomiting and diarrhea, diuretics (fluid pills), hormonal
imbalances, excessive water intake
effects of hyponatremia - Answer✔✔-anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness,
headache, confusion, seizure, decreased BP, impaired nerve conduction, hypovolemia
hypernatremia - Answer✔✔-increased amount of sodium
-caused by large amount of sodium intake, insufficient ADH, loss of thirst, watery diarrhea, prolonged
periods of respiration
effects of hypernatremia - Answer✔✔-weakness, agitation, firm subcutaneous cells, increased thirst, dry
mouth, decreased urine output
Hypokalemia - Answer✔✔-deficient potassium levels
-caused by: diarrhea, diuresis associated w/ diuretic drugs, excessive hormones that regulate
electrolytes(aldosterone or glucocorticoids), decreased dietary intake (alcoholism, eating disorders,
starvation), treatment of DKA w/ insulin
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