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NURP 532-Rheum Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 4/24 Imaging (U/S, MRI, CT) not usually needed unless there is trauma/diagnostic uncertainty American College of Rheumatology Diagnostic Criteria- Gout - Answer-Presence of char...

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EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024




NURP 532-Rheum Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions

stages of gout progression - Answer✔✔-stage 1-high uric acid levels: uric acid builds up in blood,

crystallization in joints




stage 2-acute gout: symptoms start, pain in affected areas




stage 3-intercritical gout:remission between attacks




stage 4-chronic gout: pain is frequent and tophi form in joints


Gout S/S - Answer✔✔-Rapid onset (pain peaks in 1 day)


Hot, red, swollen joint (usually 1 joint only)


Pain worse at night/rest "bedsheet pain"




PE=Most common locations:


-First metatarsophalangeal joint


-Followed by midtarsal joints, ankles, knees, fingers


Page 1/24

,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024




Red, hot, exquisitely tender joint


Absence of fever


Tophi in chronic disease


Gout risk factors - Answer✔✔--Use of loop or thiazide diuretics


-Men or postmenopausal women (female sex hormones increase excretion of uric acid)


-Increased age


-Black


-Obesity


-Diet: EtOH intake, organ meat, shellfish, sugary food/drinks


dif dx for gout - Answer✔✔-Septic joint arthritis (fever, elevated WBC; need to get arthrocentesis if

thinking this)




Cellulitis (possible fever/elevated WBC, usually located more over soft tissue)




Bursitis (profound swelling d/t enlarged bursa)




Lyme (+titres, systemic sx)


Page 2/24

, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024




Pseudogout (normal serum uric acid levels but +crystals)




Trauma (elicited on history)




Osteoarthritis (chronic onset)




Rheumatoid arthritis (polyarticular, often symmetrical)


diagnosing gout - Answer✔✔-JOINT FLUID ASPIRATION- Gold standard for Diagnosis


-(AKA Arthrocentesis) Presence of intracellular monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid




SERUM URIC ACID- elevated


-Commonly checked but NOT diagnostic of gout


-May be normal or even low during an active flare;


most gout patients will have elevations in between flares


-Therefore, best measured in between flares to monitor response to uric acid lowering/preventative

treatments




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