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Summary

Summary - Unit 4 - Materials

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A complete summary of edexcel a level physics material notes, handwritten by an A* physics student (2024), with definitions and diagrams. These notes are a combination of my teachers, physics and maths tutors and further reading to form a complete set of thorough notes.

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  • October 6, 2024
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ENTERPRIS
stress-force applied per area




-tension causes tensilestrengthTo t
units fractional/decimal /%
↑ has no
-
expressed as




= Extension
<

~
E Strain

Stress (Pa) m




young
modulus -

describes stiffness of
materialYM =
elastic deformation -

material returns to original shape once applied force is removed



Hooke's Law the extension object is directly proportional to the applied force
-




of an




Fa >
k
-
xF =
Spring (Nm')

I
constant


↑ or Fel = kx2
-
>
clastic strain energy
(worm donel AEe = FA
/m

plastic deformation material's shape is deformed permanently

Fr >
- loading

unloading some work done in
stretching spring will not be


recovered it will dissipate as thermal which
,
energy
will dissipate
m
limit of proportionality(P) -



point after which Hooke's law is no
longer obeyed


elastic limit (f)-just after P and if you increase the force applied beyond it the


material will deform plastically

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