Advanced Pathophysiology HESI Exam Guaranteed A+
( Latest ) Actual Questions and Answers
100% Correct
• Vesicles:
Answer:
small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of,
and within a cell
• Vacuole:
Answer:
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
• Ribosomes:
Answer:
RNA protein complex that is responsible for protein synthesis
(free & attached)
• Cell membrane (plasma membrane):
Answer:
phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all
cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• Muscle Cells Function:
Answer:
• Movement
1. Can be striated (skeletal) or smooth (bowels, bronchi)
2. Can generate forces that produce motion
3. Can be smooth AND striated (diaphragm or intercostals)
• Cardiac & Neuro Cells Function:
Answer:
,• Conductivity
1. Stimulus causes excitation & electrical potential that passes along surface of cell
to reach
destination
2. Cardiac muscle cells have automaticity
• GI & Kidney Cells:
Answer:
1. All cells take in nutrients but cells of intestines & kidneys
specialize in absorption
2. Kidney tubules reabsorb fluids and synthesize proteins
3. Intestinal epithelial cells reabsorb fluid & synthesize protein enzymes
• Endocrine & Neuro Cells:
Answer:
• Communication
1. Also have conductivity
2. Release of hormone into blood stream by use in a distant site/target organ
3. Ex: Pancreas releases insulin to signal muscle cells to absorb sugar from blood
for energy
• Gonads & Mucus Cells:
Answer:
• Secretion
1. Cells synthesize new substance from what they absorb
2. Mucus gland cells can create mucus
3. Ovaries secrete estrogen
4. Testes secrete testosterone
• Hypertonic:
Answer:
hypertonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is
greater outside the cell than inside it.
• Hypotonic:
Answer:
hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is
, greater inside the cell than outside of it
• Isotonic:
Answer:
Isotonic environment, the relative concentrations of solute and water
are equal on both sides of the membrane.
• Basic Cellular Functions:
Answer:
1. Movement
2. Conductivity
3. Excretion
4. Metabolic Absoption
5. Creation of ATP
6. Tissue Growth
7. Communication
8. Secretion
• Functions of Plasma Membrane:
Answer:
1. Structure
2. Protection
3. Activation of Cell
4. Transport
5. Cell to Cell Interaction
• Nucleus Function:
Answer:
Membrane bound structure, controls cell division and contains
genetic
information/material
• Cytoplasm:
Answer:
Cytoplasmic matrix that surrounds organelles
• Mitochondria:
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