Advanced Pathophysiology HESI RN Exam
( Latest ) Actual Questions and Answers 100%
Correct
1. Pandemic:
Answer:
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading
worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
2. *Chapter 2:
Answer:
Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*:
3. Homeostasis:
Answer:
A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
4. Exhausation:
Answer:
Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following
a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
5. Allostatic Overload:
Answer:
"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on the body
6. Adaptation:
Answer:
Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping
mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
,7. Arousal:
Answer:
Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor activity
8. Function of Cortisol:
Answer:
Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
9. *Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function*:
10. Endocrine Communication:
Answer:
Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
11. Neurocrine Communication:
Answer:
Neurons firing information through synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
12. Paracrine Communcation:
Answer:
Signaling through the extraceullar fluid between cells in a tissue
Localized areas of communication
13. Autocrine Communcation:
Answer:
Localized signaling in which the secreting cell is also the target cell
Feedback to self
,14. *Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology*:
15. Risk:
Answer:
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering
a stressor
16. Prevalence:
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the
total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the
total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
17. Incidence:
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability
of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. Therefore,
incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate
is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk
for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
18. Ratio:
Answer:
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of
times one value contains or is contained within the other.
19. Primary Prevention:
Answer:
Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
, 20. Secondary Prevention:
Answer:
Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
21. Tertiary Prevention:
Answer:
Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
22. Epidemiology:
Answer:
study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining
the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases
in large groups of populations/people
23. Endemic:
Answer:
A disease theat is native to a local region
24. Epidemic:
Answer:
When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
25. Describe an Action Potential:
Answer:
Rapid, self-propagating electrical excitations
of the membrane
Mediated by voltage-gated ion channels that open (sodium flows into the cell) and
close in response to voltage changes across the membrane
Triggered by membrane depolarization
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