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OS TEST 2 Questions and Answers | 100% Pass

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OS TEST 2 Questions and Answers | 100% Pass What requirements is memory management intended to satisfy? - Answer-1. Relocation - A process that has been swapped out to a disk can be moved to a different memory location than the one it was in previously. 2. Protection - Each process should be p...

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  • October 6, 2024
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OS TEST 2 Questions and Answers |
100% Pass

What requirements is memory management intended to satisfy? - Answer✔✔-1. Relocation - A process

that has been swapped out to a disk can be moved to a different memory location than the one it was in

previously.


2. Protection - Each process should be protected from unwanted interference by other processes, so

programs in other processes should not be able to reference memory locations in a process for reading

or writing purposes without permission; satisfied by the processor (hardware)


3. Sharing - Allowing several processes to access the same portion of main memory. Memory

management system must allow controlled access to shared areas of memory without compromising

essential protection


4. Logical organization - Enabling the OS and computer hardware to deal with user programs and data in

the form of modules of some sort


5. Physical organization - The organization of the flow of information between main and secondary

memory


Why is the capability to relocate processes desirable? - Answer✔✔-It is limiting to declare that when a

process is swapped back in, that it has to be placed in the same memory location it had before.




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Why is it not possible to enforce memory protection at compile time? - Answer✔✔-The OS cannot

anticipate all the memory references a program will make, and even if it could, it would be prohibitively

time consuming to screen each program in advance for possible memory-reference violations.


What are some reasons to allow two or more processes to all have access to a particular region of

memory? - Answer✔✔-If a number of processes are executing the same program, it is advantageous to

allow each process to access the same copy of the program rather than have its own copy. Processes

that are cooperating on some task may need to share access to the same data structure.


In a fixed-partitioning scheme, what are the advantages of using unequal-size partitions? - Answer✔✔-

Processes are assigned in such a way as to minimize wasted memory within a partition (internal

fragmentation). Larger programs can be accommodated without overlay.


What is the difference between internal and external fragmentation? - Answer✔✔-Internal

fragmentation mean there is wasted space internal to a partition due to the fact that the block of data

loaded is smaller than the partition.




External fragmentation occurs when memory is allocated and a small piece is left over that cannot be

effectively used.


What are the distinctions among logical, relative, and physical addresses? - Answer✔✔-A logical address

is a reference to a memory location independent of the current assignment of data to memory; a

translation must be made to a physical address before the memory access can be achieved.




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A relative address is a particular example of logical address, in which the address is expressed as a

location relative to some known point, usually a value in a processor register. A physical address is an

actual location in main memory.


What is the difference between a page and a frame? - Answer✔✔-A page is a part of a process, while a

frame is a part of memory.


What is the difference between a page and a segment? - Answer✔✔-Segmentation is visible to the

programmer and is provided as a convenience for organizing programs and data, while paging is invisible

to the programmer.


What is the difference between simple paging and virtual memory paging? - Answer✔✔-In contrast to

simple paging, not all pages of a process have to be in main memory for the process to run. Pages may

be read in as needed. Also, in virtual memory paging, reading a page into main memory may require

writing a page out to disk.


Explain thrashing. - Answer✔✔-Thrashing is when the system spends most of its time swapping pieces of

a process rather than executing instructions. To overcome this, the OS essentially guesses which pieces

are least likely to be used in the near future, based on recent history, and will swap those out of main

memory.


Why is the principle of locality crucial to the use of virtual memory? - Answer✔✔-The principle of

locality states that program and data references within a process tend to cluster. This validates the

assumption that only a few pieces of a process are needed over a short period of time. This also means

that it should be possible to make intelligent guesses about which pieces of a process will be needed in




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