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2019 ESS IB Test Review (updated)questions well answered to pass
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2019 ESS IB Test Review (updated)questions well answered to pass
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2019 ESS IB Test ReviewStatistics - correct answer ✔✔provides techniques to analyze whether or not your data is meaningful
Discrete Variables - correct answer ✔✔type of numbers that are counted or categorical
Continuous Variables - correct answer ✔✔type of numbers associated with measuring
Accurate - correct answer ✔✔how close your data is to the "real" results
Precise - correct answer ✔✔can you get the same result every time?
Error Bars - correct answer ✔✔represent one standard error; if they overlap, then the data is not
different and not significant
Line Chart - correct answer ✔✔compare changes over the same period of time
Bar Chart - correct answer ✔✔comparing between groups
Pie Chart - correct answer ✔✔percentage of a whole comparing parts of a whole
Histogram - correct answer ✔✔frequency of distribution
Chi Square - correct answer ✔✔
Environmental Value System - correct answer ✔✔a worldview or paradigm that shapes the way an
individual or group of people perceive & evaluate environmental issues; influenced by cultural, religious,
economic, and socio-political context
,System - correct answer ✔✔a set of inter-related parts working together to make a complex whole
Ecocentric - correct answer ✔✔a worldview that places equal value on all living organisms and the
ecosystems in which they live; nature-centered
Anthropocentric - correct answer ✔✔human centered
Technocentric - correct answer ✔✔believes that technological developments can provide solutions to
environmental problems
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring - correct answer ✔✔warned about the effects of pesticides, in particular,
DDT; DDT is now generally banned
Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth - correct answer ✔✔raised awareness of climate change as a result of
human produced greenhouse gases; people worldwide finally understood the reality of the climate crisis
devastating our planet
Minamata - correct answer ✔✔mercury poisoning; mercury was a byproduct of the chemical factory
that accumulated within organisms & biomagnified between organisms of the food web up to humans
Bhopal - correct answer ✔✔a pesticide plant released 40 tons of methyl isocyanate from a tank into the
atmosphere of Bhopal in 45-60 minutes; chemical industries have been put under pressure to develop &
implement strict chemical & environmental standards to ensure it never happens again
Fukushima Daiichi - correct answer ✔✔major earthquake and 15-metre tsunami disabled the power
supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactor; nuclear plant
Save the Whale Campaign - correct answer ✔✔in 1975 Greenpeace launched the world's first anti-
whaling campaign and after a decade the International Whaling Commission declared moratorium on
commercial whaling in 1986
UN Rio Earth Summit - correct answer ✔✔adopted global standards & approaches to address the
matters of the environment & climate change
,Open System - correct answer ✔✔exchanges energy and matter with its surrounding
Closed System - correct answer ✔✔only exchanges energy
Isolated System - correct answer ✔✔no energy enters, no energy leaves
Transfers - correct answer ✔✔matter and energy moving through a system without changing forms or
state
Transformations - correct answer ✔✔matter and energy change form or state moving through a system
Model - correct answer ✔✔a simplified version of reality and can be used to understand how a system
works and predict how it will respond
Benefits of a Model - correct answer ✔✔simplifies a complex system in order to study them more
closely; allows us to make predictions about future events; allows us to look at different scenarios
Limitations of a Model - correct answer ✔✔can be oversimplified to the point that accuracy is lost;
depend on the skills and experience of people making them; interpreted diffrently
Gaia Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔proposes that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings
on Earth to form a self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life
on the planet; water is an organ, air is an organ, etc.
Ecosystem - correct answer ✔✔is involved in interrelationships among climate, geology, soil, vegetation
and animals (non-living & living)
What are two basic processes that occur in ecosystems? - correct answer ✔✔1. Cycling of Matter
2. Flow of Energy
, What is meant by cycling of matter? - correct answer ✔✔only a finite amount of nutrients on Earth so it
must be recycled (the water cycle, the carbon cycle, etc.)
What is meant by the flow of energy? - correct answer ✔✔all energy originates from the sun & is used
by plants in photosynthesis & converted to a form usable to all other organisms
Thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔the study of energy transformations that occur in a system
1st Law of Thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔energy can neither be created or destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔the entropy of an isolated system increases over time;
more entropy means less order; energy conversions are never 100% efficient
Entropy - correct answer ✔✔chaos, disorder
Calculate Efficiency - correct answer ✔✔
Equilibrium - correct answer ✔✔the tendency of the system to return to an original state following
disturbance
Steady-State Equilibrium - correct answer ✔✔dynamic=changing; open system; continuous inputs and
outputs of energy and matter; maintained by a negative feedback loop; stable equilibrium
Static Equilibrium - correct answer ✔✔no change over time; no inputs or outputs; sets a new
equilibrium and doesn't return to their original state if disturbed; unstable equilibrium
Positive Feedback Loop - correct answer ✔✔destabilizes systems, pushing them towards an extreme,
increased output leads to increased inputs, leading to further increased output
Negative Feedback Loop - correct answer ✔✔stabilizes systems; output that results in input that moves
the system in another direction; input and output neutralize one another's effects
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