A ;process of broadening of interdependent relationships among people who are
Globalization
divided into national borders.
International Business Any commercial transactions between 2 or more countries
1. Increase in and application of technology
2. Liberalization of cross-border trade
3. Development of services that support international business
Extent of Globalization 4. growing consumer pressures
5. Increased global competition
6. Changing political situation and gov policies
7. Expand cross nation cooperation
-Threats to National Sovereignty
Negative side of globaliztion -Emotional Stress
-Growing Income inequality
-Expand sales
Why go International -Acquire Resources
-Minimize Risk
How many countries are there? 193
Modes of International Business Exports/imports and investments
What type is a Foreign Direct Investment Controlling interest investment
What type is a portfolio investment Non-controlling interest investment
Taking orders in home market and shipping them direct to a customers in a new
Direct exports
market
Entering an agreement for a local distributor to sell goods produced in home market
Exporting via Local Distributor
in a new market
Entering an agreement for local manufacturer to produce and sell goods in a new
Licensing and Franchising
market.
Sales Operation Setting up a sales team in a new market to sell goods produced in home market
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Purchase minority stake in an existing firm in a new market, enter an agreement to
Equity Investment
work with the firm in that market.
Creation of new entity in a new market with one or more other firms as joint owners
Joint Venture
in the new entity.
Purchasing a majority stake in an existing firm operating in a new market (Foreign
Acquisition
Direct Investment)
Foreign Direct Investment Def Taking a majority interest in a foreign corporation
Greenfield Setting up a new operation from scratch in a new market
-Lower costs
Offshoring Pros -sell more
-Growth in Host country
Highest % of twitter users Saudi Arabia
Highest % of women Latvia
Culture Shared values, attitudes, and beliefs of a group of individuals
Religion
Social Structure
Language
Determinants of Culture
Education
Economic Philosophy
Political Philosophy
-Acquired
-Gradual
-Ethnocentric
National culture
-Shared
-Hard to change
-relative
Ethnocentricim Belief that our countries practices are superior
indivualism/collectivism Reflects the preference of behavior that promotes one's self interest
Power Distance Index Measures the tolerance of social inequality
Uncertainity Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity.
Masculinity Index Measures achievement verses nurturing.
a measure of what a culture considers its base unit of importance among its people.
Collectivism vs. Individualism In a collective society, the group or culture itself becomes the important unit of any
unit of analysis. Individuals are seen as expendable.
Democracy Gov by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representative
Representative Democracy protects individual freedoms and liberties law treats all citizens equally
multiparty democracy 3 or more parties govern (separately or as a collection)
Parliamentary Democracy Representatives of legislative branch
Social Democracy transition from capitalism to socialism.
Totalitarianism One person/party exercises absolute control
Authoritarianism Deviation from state ideology. Submission to state authority. Resistance= Punishment
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