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CPSY 2301 Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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CPSY 2301 Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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CPSY 2301 Exam with complete solutions2024/2025
What is the study of child psychology? - ANSWER-Child psychology is a field of
study dedicated to understanding ALL aspects of human growth from conception
to adolescence.
What do developmental scientists study? - ANSWER-Developmental
psychologists study all forms of development, including physical,
socioemotional, and cognitive development.
Describe ways that views of childhood have shifted throughout history. What
sources of information inform us about earlier beliefs? - ANSWER-Throughout
time, childhood and the importance of a child's health has become more
important. In the medieval times, studying development relied on art and the
reports of coroners.
Describe the factors that led to an interest in the scientific study of children's
development in the 19th and 20th centuries. How did industrialization change the
lives of children? How have views of childhood shifted throughout history? -
ANSWER-Charles Darwin's view of evolution led to an increased interest in the
study of development. As industrialization occurred, the birth and death rates
both dropped, which changed views on development.
Describe the basic issues in the field of developmental psychology (described in
text and lecture), as well as issues of plasticity and individual differences
(described in text). What is the current view within each issue? What evidence is
relevant in the study of each of these issues? - ANSWER-Basic issues in the field
of development include:
1. Is development influenced by NATURE or NURTURE? - This question asks
which has a greater impact on development. (Currently, it's viewed as both)
, 2. Is development ACTIVE or PASSIVE? - This question asks whether the child
plays a role in their own development or whether they are shaped by external
forces. (Currently, it's viewed as bidirectional)
3. Is development CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS? - Is development gradual
or is it more abrupt? (Currently, it's viewed as more gradual)
4. Is there ONE course of development or MANY? - Is development universal or
does it rely on cultural contexts? (Currently, it's viewed as relying on
sociocultural contexts)
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Plasticity - To what extent is development subject to change as a result of either
deliberate intervention or chance experience?
Individual Differences - How does a person come to have characteristics that
make them different from all other people? How stable are these?
Describe the basic tenets of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygostky's
sociocultural theory, Freud's and Erikson's psychoanalytic theories of
development, Watson's learning theory, Bandura's social learning theory, and
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Describe the basic premise of dynamic
systems theory. - ANSWER-Piaget - Focuses on children adapting to their
environment and is a stage theory
Vygotsky - Focuses on the importance of sociocultural context and the zone of
proximal development (what can be accomplished alone or with a partner)
Freud - Importance of sexual instincts and the shift from one body part to another
Erikson - 8 stage theory that believes development continues through lifespan
and each stage has its own issue or question to resolve
Watson - Observable behavior and how it is shaped by environment around the
child
Bandura - Observational learning through modeling and imitation
Bronfenbrenner - Ecological model of external systems that are a joint function of
the characteristics of the person and of the environment over the course of the
person's life up to that time
Describe the key criteria that guide scientific research (ie. objectivity, reliability,
validity, replicability). - ANSWER-~ Objectivity - Unbiased analysis of data
~ Reliability - Consistency of research findings; get same results every time and
be in agreement
~ Replicability - If other researchers recreate the experiment, they will get the
same results
~ Validity - Data being collected matches the thing the researcher is trying to
study
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