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NURA 308 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NURA 308 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which layer of the heart is made up of cardiac muscle and is responsible
for the pumping action of the heart?
myocardium
contraction phase of cardiac cycle
systole
the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
diastole
What are the AV valves?
tricuspid and mitral valves
What are the semilunar valves?
pulmonic and aortic valves
How is cardiac output measured?
stroke volume x heart rate
what is stroke volume?
the amount of blood ejected by the heart in any one contraction
Do men or women tend to experience more non-specific symptoms of
cardiac events?
women
Hypertension Stage 1
Hypertension Stage 2
130-139/80-89
140+/90+
What is an arrhythmia?
Abnormal heart rhythm
how do you measure pulse amplitute?
0: absent
+1: diminished, weak/thready
+2: normal
+3: pull pulse, cannot be obliterated
+4: bounding & strong
what degree of elevation of the bed would you be able to observe
abnormal jugular vein distension in a patient?
, head of bed at 45-90 degrees
what do s3 heart sounds occur?
from rapid ventricular filling
why do S4 heart sounds occur?
atrial contraction forcing blood into a noncompliant ventricle
what causes a murmur?
turbulent blood flow
what causes a harsh, grating sound that can be heard in both systole &
diastole and is caused by abrasion of inflamed pericardial surfaces?
friction rub
what does BUN measure and what is the normal range?
kidney function; 8-20mg/dL
What S/S may you see with elevated BUN?
decreased urine output, shortness of breath, cloudy urine, edema,
weight gain
if creatinine is normal but BUN is elevated what that suggest?
intravascular fluid volume deficit (fluid is not in blood and is somewhere
else -- think edema, pulmonary edema, etc)
what is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5 mEq/L
Does an ECG detect shortness of breath, chest pain, or other
symptoms?
no
what is the purpose of cardiac catheterization?
invasive procedure used to diagnose structural and functional diseases
of the heart & great vessels
how do you calculate pulse pressure?
systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
when is pulse pressure considered too high?
anything over 40
nursing interventions before/after cardiac catheterization:
- fast 8-12 hours before procedure
- explain procedure
-activity restriction 2-4 hours post-procedure
-no bending at waist, living heavy, or straining for 24 hours
-no tub bath for first 48 hours while incision heals
What BPM is a normal sinus rhythem?
60-100bpm
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