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NURA 308 EXAM 3 -QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
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NURA 308 EXAM 3 -QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
Respiratory & Comprehensive (Cardiac, Endocrine, Bladder, Liver, Kidney, Pancreas)
the entire process of gas exchange between the atmospheric air & the
blood & between the blood & the cells in the body
respiration
the movement of air in & out of the airways
ventilation
transportation of oxygen to the cells
perfusion
elasticity & expandability of the lungs & thoracic structure
compliance
what are some causes of increased airway resistance?
asthma, bronchitis, obstruction (mucous, tumour, foreign body),
emphysema
the volume of air inhaled & exhaled with each breath
tidal volume
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation
residual volume
what are some common S/S of respiratory disease?
dyspnea
cough
sputum production
chest pain
wheezing
hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
low oxygen blood level
hypoxemia
What are assessment questions you can ask related to dyspnea/ SOB?
,-is a cough present?
-was the onset sudden or gradual?
-is the SOB worse when lying flat?
-how much exertion triggers the SOB? does it only occur with exercise?
-how severe is the SOB?
What are risk factors for respiratory disease?
smoking/ 2nd hand smoke
infection
obesity
family history
indoor/outdoor pollutants
asthma
what are some respiratory disorders associated with genetics?
asthma
cystic fibrosis
COPD
pulmonary hypertension
finger clubbing is a sign of what?
chronic hypoxia
What is a late indicator of hypoxia?
cyanosis
assessment areas of nose & sinuses:
-expect for lesions, asymmetry, inflammation
-inspect muscosa for color, swelling, exudate, & bleeding
-inspect septum for deviation
-palpate sinuses (frontal & maxillary)
where should the trachea be when palpating?
midline
chest configuration caused by overinflation of lungs (COPD,
emphysema)
barrel chest
chest configuration caused by depression in lower portion of sternum;
may compress the heart resulting in murmurs
Funnel chest
chest configuration with anterior displacement of sternum
Pigeon chest
elevation of scapula & S-shaped spine
kyphoscoliosis
, shallow, irregular breathing
hypoventilation
increased rate & depth of breathing that results in decreased PaCO2
level
hyperventilation
period of cessation of breathing
apnea
Regular cycle where the rate and depth of breathing increase, then
decrease until apnea
Cheyne-Stokes
periods of normal breathing (3-4 breaths), followed by a varying period
of apnea (usually 10-60 seconds)
Biot's respirations
prolonged expiratory phase of respiration
obstructive breathing
how do you assess for tactile fremitis?
have patient repeat "ninety-nine" as the nurses hands move down the
pts thorax
do patients with emphysema exhibit tactile fremitus? why or why not?
no, because they have hyperinflation of the lung (air) which does not
conduct sound well
will a patient with pneumonia exhibit tactile fremitus? why or why not?
yes because they have excess mucus and solid substances conduct
sound well
what are the 3 locations of breath sounds?
vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial
nonmusical, discontinuous popping sounds that occur during inspiration;
associated with HF
crackles
continuous, musical, high-pitched sound usually heard on expiration but
can also be heard on inspiration; associated with asthma
wheezing
discontinuous, low-pitched, rubbing or grating sound; like 2 pieces of
leather being rubbed together
pleural friction rub
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