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NUR 306 Exam Two With Questions And Accurate Answers
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NUR 306 Exam Two With Questions And Accurate Answerspurpose of inflammation
protect and repair
inflammation is a response to
injury, invasion, or infection
immunocompetence
the ability of the body to mount a defense against foreign organisms or antigens
immunoincompetence
immunodeficiency
definition of inflammation
nondiscriminatory biochemical & cellular process that occurs in vascularized tissues in
response to insult or injury, characterized by accumulation of fluid& leukocytes (WBCs)
to area of injury
normal phases of inflammation
inflammation phase, proliferative-reconstructive phase, and resolution-maturation
phase
Acute inflammation response
caused by internal or external damage, injury, infection, trauma, burns, frostbite, and
any chemical injuries
begins immediately and promotes homeostasis
Primary goal is to eliminate noxious agents and to limit the degree of tissue damage
,Vascular stage of inflammation
vasospasm, vasodilation-(arterioles then capillary bed) redness and warmth and brings
RBC's proteins, clotting factors
Cellular stage of inflammation
white blood cells - largely neutrophils, cytokines turned on, histamine, bradykinins and
leukotrienes released
Classic signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, pain, heat and loss of function
chemotaxis
when WBC follow the cytokine trail to the site of injury
myeloid line
gives rise to erythrocytes, megakaryocytes (platelets), granulocytes, and
monocytes/macrophages
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells
these contain specific granules
Endothelial cells
selectively permeable, very responsive to granules, and produce vasodilators and
vasoconstrictors
Mast cells
discharge granules and activate degranulation
, release histamine, neutrophils, eosinophils and chemotactic factors
most important factor
synthesize leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane A2
Lymphoid line
T cells, B cells and natural killer cells
Histamine
Chemical stored in mast cells that elicits dilation and increased permeability of
capillaries.
H1 receptors cause constriction i.e. bronchoconstriction and H2 causes relaxation and
peripheral vasodilation
Cells derived from arachidonic acid
leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane
Leukotrienes
slow reacting pro-inflammatory mediator
leads to vasodilation and contraction of smooth muscle
increases membrane permeability
5-L-O inhibitors halt them
Prostaglandins
pro-inflammatory mediator
cause vasodilation, increased membrane permeability, pain
Thromboxane A2
it stimulates new platelet activation and increases platelet aggregation,
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