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SOP 3004 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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SOP 3004 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Authoritarianism - Answer-tendency to submit to those having greater authority and to denigrate those having less authority; authoritarians are strongly prejudiced against members of minority groups, view the world in simple black-white te...

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SOP 3004 Final Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

Authoritarianism - Answer✔✔-tendency to submit to those having greater authority

and to denigrate those having less authority; authoritarians are strongly prejudiced

against members of minority groups, view the world in simple black-white terms, and

readily submit to authority figures

Discrimination - Answer✔✔-behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their

group membership

Disidentify - Answer✔✔-to reduce in one's mind the relevance of a particular domain

(e.g., academic achievement) to one's self-esteem

Ingroup Bias - Answer✔✔-tendency to benefit members of one's own groups over

members of other groups

Minimal Intergroup Paradigm - Answer✔✔-an experimental procedure in which short-

term, arbitrary, artificial groups are created to explore the foundations of prejudice,

stereotyping, and discrimination; overestimator vs underestimator experimet

Perceived Outgroup Homogeneity - Answer✔✔-phenomenon of overestimating the

extent to which members within other groups are similar to each other

Prejudice - Answer✔✔-generalized attitude toward members of a social group

Realistic Group Conflict Theory - Answer✔✔-proposal that intergroup conflict, and

negative prejudices and stereotypes, emerge out of actual competition between groups

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for desired resources; people in the U.S. that live on the border don't like Mexican

immigrants competing for resources

Scapegoating - Answer✔✔-process of blaming members of other groups for one's

frustrations and failures; C.P. Ellis blaming blacks for his financial woes

Social Dominance Orientation - Answer✔✔-extent to which a person desires that his

or her own group dominate other groups and be socially and materially superior to them

Social Identity - Answer✔✔-beliefs and feelings we have toward the groups to which

we see ourselves belonging; like C.P. Ellis, whose self image was elevated when he

embraced the Klan and its white Christian heritage, many of our self images are

elevated by the pride we have in our group and ethnic backgrounds

Stereotype - Answer✔✔-generalized belief about members of social groups; beliefs

that reflect what we think members of a particular group are like; not only can

stereotypes be positive or negative, but people can also hold positive stereotypes for

groups whom they are negatively prejudice

Stereotype Threat - Answer✔✔-fear that one might confirm the negative stereotypes

held by others about one's group; also makes it more difficult for people to perform up to

their potential, especially on difficult tasks; increases arousal, meantal load, dejection,

and negative thoughts while also decreasing effort and working memory capacity

Stereotyping - Answer✔✔-process of categorizing an individual as a member of a

particular group and then inferring that he or she possesses the characteristics

generally held by members of that group

Cohesiveness - Answer✔✔-strength of the bonds among group members

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Communication Network - Answer✔✔-pattern of information flow through a group

Deindividuation - Answer✔✔-process of losing one's sense or personal identity,

which makes it easier to behave in ways inconsistent with one's normal values

Dynamical System - Answer✔✔-system (e.g., a group) made up of many interacting

elements (e.g., people) that changes and evolves over time

Group - Answer✔✔-minimally, groups are two or more individuals who influence each

other. Collections of individuals become increasingly "grouplike," however, when their

members are interdependent and share a common identity, and when they possess

structure

Groupthink - Answer✔✔-tyle of group decision making characterized by a greater

desire among members to get along and agree with one another than to generate and

critically evaluate alternative viewpoints and positions

Group Polarization - Answer✔✔-occurs when group discussion leads members to

make decisions that are more extremely on the side of the issue that the group initially

favored

Minority Influence - Answer✔✔-occurs when opinion minorities persuade others of

their views

Role - Answer✔✔-expectation held by the group for how members in particular

positions ought to behave; a fraternity president may be expected to set the agenda for

chapter meetings and confirm regularly with other Greek organizations, whereas a

treasurer may be expected to collect dues and balance the bank account

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