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PN 3003 -- Maternity and Pediatrics Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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PN 3003 -- Maternity and Pediatrics Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Possible Signs of Pregnancy - Answer-Amenorrhea, N&V, fatigue, breast changes, frequent urination Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Answer-4-12 weeks: presence of hCG in blood 6-12 weeks: presence of hCG in urine 8+ weeks...

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  • October 7, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024




PN 3003 -- Maternity and Pediatrics Exam
Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Possible Signs of Pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Amenorrhea, N&V, fatigue, breast changes, frequent urination


Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Answer✔✔-4-12 weeks: presence of hCG in blood


6-12 weeks: presence of hCG in urine


8+ weeks: uterine growth


16 weeks: Braxton Hicks


Positive Signs of Pregnancy - Answer✔✔-6+ weeks: Visually see fetus on ultrasound


20-24 weeks: Fetal heart sounds by fetal stethoscope


22+ weeks: Fetal movements felt by practitioner


Late Pregnancy: Fetal movements visible


Normal length of pregnancy - Answer✔✔-40 weeks


FSH in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Low levels due to high levels of estrogen and progesterone


hCG levels in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Peak in first trimester and then drop off


Estrogen levels in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increase during pregnancy


Progesterone levels in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increase during pregnancy



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,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024


LH in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Low levels due to high levels of estrogen and progesterone


Prolactin in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increases


Pituitary growth hormone in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Levels fall but overall serum levels increase due to

placental production


Oxytocin levels in pregnancys - Answer✔✔-Increase and peak at term


TSH in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Production stimulated after first trimester (in healthy individuals not

normally significant)


Cortisol levels in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-


Gestational diabetes - Answer✔✔-A pregnant person can get diabetes when her pancreas cannot make

enough insulin to keep their blood sugar levels within a target range.


Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Peripheral vasodilation, cardiac output increases,

increased stroke volume, may be third heart sound after mid pregnancy, systolic flow murmurs are

common


Respiratory changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Tidal volume increases (increasing vital capacity and

decreasing residual volume), increased oxygen consumption, possible SOB


GI system changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-N&V, appetite increases, heartburn, constipation,

gallbladder may dilate and empty less completely


Urinary changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Renal blood flow increases. Possible glycosuria/proteinuria.

Water retention increases. Residual urine increases. Risk for UTIs increases


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, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024


Haematological changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Plasma volume increases. RBCs increase. Demand for

iron increases. Clotting factors/fibrinogen increase. Serum albumin decreases.


Metabolic changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Basal metabolic rate increases slowly. Active energy

expenditure falls. Weight gain (normal 11.4-15.9kg).


Skin changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Hyperpigmentation of the umbilicus, nipples, abdominal midline

(linea nigra) and face (melasma (chloasma)) are common due to the hormonal changes of pregnancy.

Hyperdynamic circulation and high levels of estrogen may cause spider naevi and palmar erythema.

Striae gravidarum ('stretch marks') are common.


Musculoskeletal changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increased ligamental laxity caused by increased

levels of relaxin contribute to back pain and pubic symphysis dysfunction. Shift in posture with

exaggerated lumbar lordosis leading to the typical gait of late pregnancy.


Uterine changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Increased to about 5x its normal size(h: 30cm, w: 23cm, d:

20cm) primarily because of progesterone


Vaginal changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Becomes more elastic towards the end of pregnancy. These

changes enable it to dilate during the second stage of labour, as the baby passes down the birth canal.


Cervical changes in pregnancy - Answer✔✔-Remains 2.5 cm long throughout pregnancy. In late

pregnancy, softening of the cervix occurs in response to increasing painless contractions of its muscular

walls.




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