NR503 Epidemiology Final & Midterm Exam |
Population Health, Epidemiology &
Statistical Principles Exam Review |
Complete Guide with Questions and Verified
Answers
Descriptive epidemiology - Correct Answer - Describes the
distribution of disease and other health related states in terms of
personal characteristics, geographical distribution and time. Helps
to understand the process of disease by looking at raves,
incidents, prevalence, mortality, survival and prognosis.
Case reports - Correct Answer - succinct written accounts of
generally rare unusual cases in which treatment of management
of the disease is worth reporting
Case series - Correct Answer - Report of a series of patients with
similar diseases or conditions that describe their management or
treatment in order to identify new strategies that will be helpful to
treat patients with similar conditions
,Correlation studies - Correct Answer - Used to conduct studies of
aggregate or population characteristics. Rates calculated for
characteristics that describe populations and are used to compare
frequencies between different groups at the same time or the
same group at different times. Useful for identifying long-term
trends & seasonal patterns, Cannot be linked to exposure in
individuals.
Cross-sectional studies - Correct Answer - a study in which
people of different ages are compared with one another.
Exposures and outcomes are collected at the same time.
Excludes people who have died or choose not to participate to
reduce by us. Usually surveys that sample a population and
characteristics
Analytic epidemiology - Correct Answer - Looks at origins and
casual factors of disease and other health related events. Often
carried out to test hypotheses formulated from descriptive studies.
Cohort studies, case control study, randomized controlled trials -
Correct Answer - Executed with a goal to identify factors that
increase or decrease risk
,Screening tools - Correct Answer - Can utilize to detect disease in
groups of asymptomatic individuals with the goal of reducing
and/or preventing morbidity and mortality
Screening tests - Correct Answer - applied to groups of individuals
or to high-risk populations. For example pap smears, TB test,
mammograms. should be inexpensive, easy to administer, and
have minimal side effects
Causation for population research - Correct Answer - an increase
in the causal factor or exposure causes an increase in the
outcome of interest
preclinical disease - Correct Answer - start of disease, no
symptoms, not always detectable
preclinical - Correct Answer - no symptoms but destined to
progress
subclinical - Correct Answer - disease is present, not destined to
progress clinically
chronic/persistent - Correct Answer - disease persists over time
latent disease - Correct Answer - disease with no active
multiplication of biological agent
epidemiological triangle - Correct Answer - used to explain
causation (relationship between risk factors and disease)
causation: causative agent - Correct Answer - factors in which
presence or absence cause disease
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