Summary Concepts of Epidemiology
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Rate ratio - ANS-Compares the incidence rates, person-time
rates, or mortality rates of 2 groups. The 2 groups are typically
differentiated by demographic factors or by exposure
rate ratio = rate for group of primary interest/rate for
compar...
Summary Concepts of Epidemiology
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Rate ratio - ANS-Compares the incidence rates, person-time
rates, or mortality rates of 2 groups. The 2 groups are typically
differentiated by demographic factors or by exposure
rate ratio = rate for group of primary interest/rate for
comparison group
rate ratio >1 - increased risk for numerator group
rate ratio <1 = decreased risk for numerator group
rate ratio =1= equal rates
attributable risk - ANS-AR = [a/a + b] − [c/c + d]
Describes the proportion of illness in the study population that
could be attributable to a given exposure
case fatality risk - ANS-aka case fatality rate
proportion, not a true
rate. It is the proportion of persons with a particular condition
(case) who die from that condition. It is a measure of the
severity of the condition.
(# of cause specific deaths among incident cases/#of incident
cases)x10^n
,Common intermittent exposure and Common continuous
exposure - ANS-common source outbreak is one in which
people are exposed intermittently or continuously
to a common harmful source. The period of exposure may be
brief or long. An intermittent exposure in a common source
outbreak often results in an epi curve
with irregular peaks that reflect the timing and extent of the
exposure. see graphs on pg 30
point source epidemic - ANS-An epi curve with a sharp upward
slope and a gradual
downward slope typically describes a point source outbreak. A
point source
outbreak is a common source outbreak in which the exposure
period is relatively brief and all cases occur within one
incubation period
propagated epidemic - ANS-spread from person to person.
Because of this, propagated epidemics may last longer than
common source epidemics and may lead to multiple waves of
infection if secondary and
tertiary cases occur. The classic propagated epi curve has a
series of progressively taller peaks, each an incubation period
apart, but in reality the epi
curve may look somewhat different
boxplot diagram - ANS-graphical summary of a distribution; the
box in the middle indicates "hinges" (close to the first and third
quartiles) and median. The lines show the largest or smallest
, observation that falls within a distance of 1.5 times the box size
from the nearest hinge. If any
observations fall farther away, the additional points are
considered "extreme"
values and are shown separately. A boxplot can often give a
good idea of the data distribution, and is often more useful to
compare distributions side-by-side, as it is more compact than a
histogram.
Epidemiology - ANS-The study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states or events in specified
populations, and the application of this study to the control of
health problems. Study of dynamics of health and dz
determinants in a pop. with the goal of prevention
Use of Epidemiology in Veterinary Medicine - ANS-Monitoring
diseases, detecting outbreaks, discovering agent, host, environ.
factors affecting health, determining causes of illness,
evaluating health programs and services in veterinary medicine.
Statistics in Veterinary Medicine - ANS-The application of
statistics in scientific literature, understanding types of trials
and investigations, quality control in diagnostic services,
assessing safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and
agrochemical products, and regulating food safety and quality
in veterinary medicine.
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