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Psych 4032 Exam 3 - J. Donaldson Questions & Answers 100% Correct!! $13.49
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Psych 4032 Exam 3 - J. Donaldson Questions & Answers 100% Correct!!
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First way to interpret motivation - ANSWERconcise one-word description of long-term pattern behavior allowing us to make predictions about human behavior. -example: motivated student, employee or parent Second way to interpret motivation - ANSWERit is inherent to the individual; "motivation" is...

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  • October 7, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Psych 4032 Exam 3 - J. Donaldson Questions
& Answers 100% Correct!!



First way to interpret motivation - ANSWERconcise one-word description of long-term pattern
behavior allowing us to make predictions about human behavior.

-example: motivated student, employee or parent



Second way to interpret motivation - ANSWERit is inherent to the individual; "motivation" is a mental
essence existing inside the individual, explaining why they behave the way they do.

-example: an employees motivation is responsible for vocational success



mentalistic explanations of behavior - ANSWERexplanations that put the cause of behavior in the
individual's vaguely defined mind



why is mentalistic explanations rejected? - ANSWER-the explanation is circular

- if motivation is conceptualized as a mental essence



motivating operations - ANSWERAn environmental and/or biological event that 1) temporary early
alters the value of a specific reinforcer 2) increases/decreases the probability of behaviors yielding
that reinforcer



characteristics of motivating operations - ANSWER-observable event

-measured by behavioral or biological scientists

-not a mental essence

-temporarily alters the value of a reinforcer

- increases or decreases behaviors yielding that reinforcer



2 kinds of motivating operations - ANSWERestablishing operation and abolishing operation

, establishing operation - ANSWERan environmental and/or biological event that 1) temporarily
increases the value of a specific reinforcer and 2) increases the probability of behaviors yielding that
reinforcer

-example: food deprivation



abolishing operation - ANSWER1) temporarily decreases the value of a specific reinforcer and 2)
decreases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

-example: stomach full of food - releases hormone that tells brain it is satisfied



2 approaches to assessing stimuli likely to function as reinforcers - ANSWER-reinforcer survey

-stimulus preference assessment method



reinforcer survey - ANSWERa structured interview or written survey that asks the individual to
identify highly preferred activities



stimulus preference assessment - ANSWERa rank-ordered list of preferred stimuli is obtained by
observing choices between those stimuli

-potential reinforcer are presented and the individual chooses the one they like the most.

-helps establish effective reinforcers in nonhuman animals



preference hierarchy - ANSWERa list of stimuli rank ordered from most to least preferred



Premack Principle - ANSWERaccess to a high-probability behavior will function as a reinforcer when
made contingent upon a low-probability behavior

-example: the high-probability behavior RUNNING will reinforce the low-probability behavior
DRINKING

-example: If I clip my fingernails for 90 seconds (low-probability behavior) Then I can study for an
hour (higher-probability behavior)



Ways to measure reinforcer efficacy - ANSWER-choice (people choose the stronger reinforcer for
them)

-breakpoint

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