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First Aid USMLE STEP 1: viruses With Questions And 100% ALL SURE ANSWERS
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JACKLINEFirst Aid USMLE STEP 1: viruses With Questions And 100% ALL SURE ANSWERS
Terms in this set (106)
Viral structure - general features schematic
Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant
Viral recombination
base sequence homology.
When viruses with segmented genomes (e.g., influenza virus) exchange genetic material. For
example, the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza A pandemic emerged via complex viral reassortment
Viral reassortment
of genes from human, swine, and avian viruses.
Has potential to cause antigenic shift.
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-When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein.
The nonmutated virus "complements" the mutated one by making a functional protein that
Viral complementation serves both viruses.
-For example, hepatitis D virus requires the presence of replicating hepatitis B virus to supply
HBsAg, the envelope protein for HDV.
Occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses. Genome of virus A can be partially
or completely coated (forming pseudovirion) with the surface proteins of virus B. Type B
Viral phenotypic mixing
protein coat determines the tropism (infectivity) of the hybrid virus. However, the progeny from
this infection have a type A coat that is encoded by its type A genetic material.
Induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity but have reverted to virulence on rare occasions.
Killed/inactivated vaccines induce only humoral immunity but are stable.
No booster needed for live attenuated vaccines.
Live attenuated viral vaccines vs. killed/inactive Dangerous to give live vaccines to
vaccines immunocompromised patients or their close
contacts - contacts can be vaccinated with live vaccines without risk except for polio and
ifluenza
MMR = measles, mumps, rubella; live
attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV+ patients who do not show signs of
immunodeficiency.
Smallpox, yellow fever, rotavirus, chickenpox (VZV), Sabin polio virus, MMR, Influenza
Viruses with live attenuated vaccine
(intranasal).
Rabies, Influenza (injected), Salk Polio, and HAV vaccines.
Killed viral vaccines
Killed/inactivated vaccines induce only humoral immunity but are stable.
Subunit viral vaccines HBV (antigen = HBsAg), HPV (types 6, 11, 16, and 18)
All DNA viruses except the _______ are dsDNA. Parvoviridae (SS and linear)
All DNA viruses are linear except _______ , Papilloma-, polyoma-, and hepadnaviruses (circular)
___________, ___________.
All RNA viruses except ______ are ssRNA Reoviridae (DS linear)
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I went to a retro (retrovirus) toga (togavirus) party, where I drank flavored (flavivirus) Corona
Positive-stranded RNA viruses
(coronavirus) and ate hippy (hepevirus) California (calicivirus) pickles (picornavirus).
-Purified nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and ⊕ strand ssRNA
(≈ mRNA) viruses are infectious.
Naked viral genome infectivity
-Naked nucleic acids of ⊝ strand ssRNA and dsRNA viruses are not infectious. They require
polymerases contained in the complete virion.
All DNA viruses replicate in the ________ except Nucleus, poxvirus (carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
_________ .
All RNA viruses replicate in the _________ except Cytoplasm, influenza virus, retroviruses
__________ and ________________ _.
Papillomavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomavirus, Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, and
Hepevirus
Naked (nonenveloped) viruses
Give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy (hippy).
DNA = PAPP; RNA = CPR and hepevirus.
Where does herpes viruses acquire their Herpes gets its envelope from the nuclear membrane; the rest get their envelope from the
envelopes? What about the rest of the viruses? plasma membrane when exiting the cell
DNA viruses are the HHAPPPPy viruses Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma
All DNA viruses are icosahedral except for Pox (complex)
__________.
-DNA
Herpesviruses virology -Enveloped
-DS and linear
-DNA
-Enveloped
-Partially DS and circular
Hepadnavirus virology
HBV:
-Acute or chronic hepatitis
-Not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase
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