NU 412 Test 2 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
in what order do you look listen and feel the abdomen/GI?
inspect, auscultate, percuss, then palpate
how do you confirm an NG tube?
aspirate GI contents, x-ray, measure pH of contents
if gastric residual is >250mL for a bolus feeding or >2 hours feed for continuous feeding,
what do you do?
hold the feeding, do not refeed aspirate, call the provider
what are the electrolyte imbalances we are most concerned about with tube feedings?
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
what is GERD?
gastroespohageal reflux disease; S&S of dyspepsia, regurgitation, burping, flatulence,
cough, hoarseness, water brash, dysphagia, odynophagia; can lead to Barrett's
Esophagus; treat with antatcids, H2RAs, PPIs, and prokinetics like metoclopramide, eat
slow; eliminated chocolate, caffeine, fatty food, alcohol, carbonation, spicy, and acidic
foods)
what is a hiatal hernia?
part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thorax; S&S difficulty
swallowing, regurgitation, S&S of heartburn, epigastric pain, SOB after eating,
angina-like CP, worse after meals or when supine; test with a barium swallow; treat with
antacids, H2RAs, PPIs, prokinetics, avoid straining or vigorous exercise
Abdominal Hernia
protrusion of bowel through the muscle wall of abdominal cavity; may be reducible,
, irreducible, or strangulated; S&S of palpable mass, pain in groin when bending,
coughing, or lifting; treat with abdominal binder, surgery, increase fluids, stool
softeners
what are S&S of a strangulated abdominal hernia?
absent bowel sounds, N/V, distention, pain, fever, tachycardia
what should you teach males after hernia surgery?
stand to void, avoid coughing or lifting or straining for 4-6 weeks, elevate scrotum and
use ice if had an inguinal hernia repair
What is peptic ulcer disease?
Break in gastric or duodenal mucosa; NSAIDs and H. pylori are top two risk factors; S&S
of dyspepsia, gnawing pain with localized tenderness, relief with antacids, burping,
bloating, melena, decreased H&H; Tx w/ stress relief, PPIs, H2RAs, antacids, sucralfate,
bismuth, prokinetics, stool softeners, H pylori therapy (PPI + 2 to 3 ABX)
How does one differentiate whether it is a gastric or a duodenal peptic ulcer?
gastric - pain immediately following eating, hematemesis
duodenal - pain worse 2-3 hrs after eating
irritable bowel syndrome-end
chronic disorder of recurrent GI symptoms w/o presence of structural or biochemical
abnormalities; S&S abdominal pain that is intermittent, crampy, relieved with
defecation, erratic bowel patterns, abdominal distention/bloating, mucus with stool,
diarrhea, constipation; Rx w/hi fiber diet, no fluids w/meals but plenty of fluid intake, eat
slowly, ID triggers, reduce stress, regular exercise, bulk agents like psyllium,
antidiarrheals, antidepressants, anticholinergics, and probiotics
what 2 disorders make up inflammatory bowel disease?
in what order do you look listen and feel the abdomen/GI?
inspect, auscultate, percuss, then palpate
how do you confirm an NG tube?
aspirate GI contents, x-ray, measure pH of contents
if gastric residual is >250mL for a bolus feeding or >2 hours feed for continuous feeding,
what do you do?
hold the feeding, do not refeed aspirate, call the provider
what are the electrolyte imbalances we are most concerned about with tube feedings?
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
what is GERD?
gastroespohageal reflux disease; S&S of dyspepsia, regurgitation, burping, flatulence,
cough, hoarseness, water brash, dysphagia, odynophagia; can lead to Barrett's
Esophagus; treat with antatcids, H2RAs, PPIs, and prokinetics like metoclopramide, eat
slow; eliminated chocolate, caffeine, fatty food, alcohol, carbonation, spicy, and acidic
foods)
what is a hiatal hernia?
part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thorax; S&S difficulty
swallowing, regurgitation, S&S of heartburn, epigastric pain, SOB after eating,
angina-like CP, worse after meals or when supine; test with a barium swallow; treat with
antacids, H2RAs, PPIs, prokinetics, avoid straining or vigorous exercise
Abdominal Hernia
protrusion of bowel through the muscle wall of abdominal cavity; may be reducible,
, irreducible, or strangulated; S&S of palpable mass, pain in groin when bending,
coughing, or lifting; treat with abdominal binder, surgery, increase fluids, stool
softeners
what are S&S of a strangulated abdominal hernia?
absent bowel sounds, N/V, distention, pain, fever, tachycardia
what should you teach males after hernia surgery?
stand to void, avoid coughing or lifting or straining for 4-6 weeks, elevate scrotum and
use ice if had an inguinal hernia repair
What is peptic ulcer disease?
Break in gastric or duodenal mucosa; NSAIDs and H. pylori are top two risk factors; S&S
of dyspepsia, gnawing pain with localized tenderness, relief with antacids, burping,
bloating, melena, decreased H&H; Tx w/ stress relief, PPIs, H2RAs, antacids, sucralfate,
bismuth, prokinetics, stool softeners, H pylori therapy (PPI + 2 to 3 ABX)
How does one differentiate whether it is a gastric or a duodenal peptic ulcer?
gastric - pain immediately following eating, hematemesis
duodenal - pain worse 2-3 hrs after eating
irritable bowel syndrome-end
chronic disorder of recurrent GI symptoms w/o presence of structural or biochemical
abnormalities; S&S abdominal pain that is intermittent, crampy, relieved with
defecation, erratic bowel patterns, abdominal distention/bloating, mucus with stool,
diarrhea, constipation; Rx w/hi fiber diet, no fluids w/meals but plenty of fluid intake, eat
slowly, ID triggers, reduce stress, regular exercise, bulk agents like psyllium,
antidiarrheals, antidepressants, anticholinergics, and probiotics
what 2 disorders make up inflammatory bowel disease?
